🇦🇺AUS
Australia
Oceania
Resource estimates and comparisons are evidence layers. For Nigeria, the primary experience is what the resources mean for people, communities, work, and accountability.
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Oceania
Resource estimates and comparisons are evidence layers. For Nigeria, the primary experience is what the resources mean for people, communities, work, and accountability.
Loading country data…
Export Australia's resource data as JSON
Country
Australia
Resources
13
Schema Version
v1.0.0
Exported
11/4/2026
{
"schema_version": "v1.0.0",
"exported_at": "2026-11-04T00:08:01.647Z",
"country": {
"name": "Australia",
"iso2": "AU",
"iso3": "AUS",
"region": "Oceania",
"as_of": "2025-12-30",
"base_currency": "AUD",
"defaults": {
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.3,
"discount_rate": 0.08,
"time_horizon_years": 25
}
},
"resources": [
{
"id": "au-copper",
"name": "Copper",
"category": "metal",
"type": "copper",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Significant copper producer. Olympic Dam, Mt Isa, Ernest Henry major deposits.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-australian-copper",
"name": "Australian Copper Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"South Australia",
"Queensland",
"New South Wales"
],
"location": {
"lat": -28,
"lon": 140
},
"grade": {
"value": 1.2,
"unit": "%Cu",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 24000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Copper Resources",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 204000000000,
"state_value": 51000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-nickel",
"name": "Nickel",
"category": "metal",
"type": "nickel",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Major nickel producer. WA laterite and sulfide deposits. Murrin Murrin, Nova, Kambalda.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-wa-nickel",
"name": "Western Australia Nickel",
"admin_areas": [
"Western Australia"
],
"location": {
"lat": -29,
"lon": 121
},
"grade": {
"value": 1.5,
"unit": "%Ni",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Indonesian competition affecting prices. Some mines on care and maintenance."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 21000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nickel Resources",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 16000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 336000000000,
"state_value": 84000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-rare-earth-elements",
"name": "Rare Earth Elements",
"category": "metal",
"type": "rare_earth",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Significant REE deposits. Lynas Mt Weld is largest non-Chinese producer. Critical for clean energy.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-mt-weld-ree",
"name": "Mount Weld REE",
"admin_areas": [
"Western Australia"
],
"location": {
"lat": -28.9,
"lon": 122.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 8,
"unit": "%REO",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Lynas operation. Concentrate processed in Malaysia.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 4000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "REO content. Australia has 4th largest REE reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 200000000000,
"state_value": 50000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-zinc",
"name": "Zinc",
"category": "metal",
"type": "zinc",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Major zinc producer. Mt Isa, McArthur River, Century mine. Lead-zinc polymetallic deposits.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-australian-zinc",
"name": "Australian Zinc Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Queensland",
"Northern Territory",
"New South Wales"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 27000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Zinc Resources",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 2500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.2,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 67500000000,
"state_value": 13500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-arable-land",
"name": "Arable Land",
"category": "agriculture",
"type": "farmland",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Major agricultural exporter. Wheat, beef, wool, wine. Water scarcity a major challenge.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-australian-farmland",
"name": "Australian Agricultural Land",
"admin_areas": [
"New South Wales",
"Victoria",
"Queensland",
"Western Australia",
"South Australia"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Water scarcity. Climate variability. Drought risk."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 400000000,
"unit": "hectare",
"basis": "total_farmland"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.95,
"notes": "400M ha agricultural land. ~50M ha cropping. Major beef and wheat exporter.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Agricultural Land Use",
"publisher": "Australian Bureau of Statistics",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-freshwater",
"name": "Freshwater Resources",
"category": "water",
"type": "freshwater",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Driest inhabited continent. Murray-Darling Basin critical. Desalination increasingly important.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-australian-freshwater",
"name": "Australian Freshwater Systems",
"admin_areas": [
"New South Wales",
"Victoria",
"Queensland",
"South Australia"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Severe water scarcity. Murray-Darling over-allocation. Climate change impacts."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 492,
"unit": "km3",
"basis": "renewable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "Annual renewable freshwater. Highly variable. Drought vulnerable.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Water Resources Assessment",
"publisher": "Bureau of Meteorology",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-iron-ore",
"name": "Iron Ore",
"category": "metal",
"type": "iron_ore",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Australia is world's largest iron ore exporter. Pilbara region dominates global supply. BHP, Rio Tinto, Fortescue major producers.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-pilbara-iron",
"name": "Pilbara Iron Ore Province",
"admin_areas": [
"Western Australia"
],
"location": {
"lat": -22.5,
"lon": 118
},
"grade": {
"value": 62,
"unit": "%Fe",
"notes": "High-grade hematite. Direct shipping ore (DSO)."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Dedicated rail networks to Port Hedland, Dampier, Cape Lambert. World-class export infrastructure.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.95,
"notes": "Australia holds ~28% of global iron ore reserves. Pilbara alone has 50+ years production.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Australia's Identified Mineral Resources",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.95,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 5000000000000,
"state_value": 1500000000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 130,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.95,
"government_take": 0.28,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 6500000000000,
"state_value": 1820000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-coal",
"name": "Coal",
"category": "energy",
"type": "coal",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Major thermal and metallurgical coal exporter. Queensland and NSW dominant. Climate pressure increasing but Asian demand remains.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-queensland-coal",
"name": "Queensland Coal Basins",
"admin_areas": [
"Queensland"
],
"location": {
"lat": -23,
"lon": 148
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Rail to Gladstone, Hay Point, Abbott Point. Major metallurgical coal exporter.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Climate policy pressure. Some banks withdrawing financing. Strong Asian demand."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 80000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Australia has 4th largest coal reserves globally.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Australian Energy Statistics",
"publisher": "DISER",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 150,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 12000000000000,
"state_value": 3000000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-natural-gas",
"name": "Natural Gas",
"category": "energy",
"type": "natural_gas",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Major LNG exporter - world's largest. Offshore NW Shelf, Browse, Carnarvon basins. Queensland CSG.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-nw-shelf-gas",
"name": "North West Shelf Gas",
"admin_areas": [
"Western Australia"
],
"location": {
"lat": -19.5,
"lon": 116
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major LNG trains at Karratha, Wheatstone, Gorgon, Pluto. World-class facilities.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 80000,
"unit": "bcf",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Combined NW Shelf and Carnarvon Basin reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Australian Energy Resources Assessment",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 12000000,
"unit": "USD/bcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 960000000000,
"state_value": 288000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-lithium",
"name": "Lithium",
"category": "metal",
"type": "lithium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest lithium producer. Greenbushes is largest hard rock lithium mine globally. Pilgangoora, Mt Marion also major.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-wa-lithium",
"name": "Western Australia Lithium",
"admin_areas": [
"Western Australia"
],
"location": {
"lat": -33.8,
"lon": 116
},
"grade": {
"value": 2,
"unit": "%Li2O",
"notes": "High-grade spodumene deposits."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Greenbushes, Pilgangoora, Mt Marion. Spodumene concentrate exports to China.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 6200000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "LCE. Australia has world's largest lithium reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 93000000000,
"state_value": 23250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-gold",
"name": "Gold",
"category": "metal",
"type": "gold",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "World's #2 gold producer. Major deposits in WA (Super Pit, Boddington), Victoria, NSW. Historic goldfields.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-wa-goldfields",
"name": "Western Australia Goldfields",
"admin_areas": [
"Western Australia"
],
"location": {
"lat": -30.8,
"lon": 121.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 2.5,
"unit": "g/t",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Kalgoorlie Super Pit, Boddington. Mature mining infrastructure.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Australia produces ~300 tonnes gold annually.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Gold Resources Report",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 64000000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 640000000000,
"state_value": 160000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-bauxite",
"name": "Bauxite",
"category": "metal",
"type": "bauxite",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest bauxite reserves. Major alumina refineries. Rio Tinto, Alcoa major producers.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-weipa-bauxite",
"name": "Weipa and Gove Bauxite",
"admin_areas": [
"Queensland",
"Northern Territory",
"Western Australia"
],
"location": {
"lat": -12.6,
"lon": 141.9
},
"grade": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "%Al2O3",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Weipa (Rio Tinto), Gove (Rio Tinto), Worsley (South32). Integrated alumina refineries.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 5000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "Australia has ~20% of global bauxite reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Bauxite Resources",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.2,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 250000000000,
"state_value": 50000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "au-uranium",
"name": "Uranium",
"category": "energy",
"type": "uranium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest uranium reserves. Olympic Dam (BHP) world's largest deposit. Three mines operating.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "au-olympic-dam",
"name": "Olympic Dam",
"admin_areas": [
"South Australia"
],
"location": {
"lat": -30.4,
"lon": 136.9
},
"grade": {
"value": 0.05,
"unit": "%U3O8",
"notes": "Low grade but enormous scale. Polymetallic: copper, gold, silver, uranium."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "BHP operation. Underground mine. Also produces copper, gold, silver.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Strict nuclear safeguards. Limited to WA and NT (SA changed policy)."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 1700000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Australia has ~28% of global uranium reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Uranium Resources",
"publisher": "Geoscience Australia",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 220000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 374000000000,
"state_value": 112200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}