🇨🇦CAN
Canada
North America
Resource estimates and comparisons are evidence layers. For Nigeria, the primary experience is what the resources mean for people, communities, work, and accountability.
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North America
Resource estimates and comparisons are evidence layers. For Nigeria, the primary experience is what the resources mean for people, communities, work, and accountability.
Loading country data…
Export Canada's resource data as JSON
Country
Canada
Resources
27
Schema Version
v1.0.0
Exported
11/4/2026
{
"schema_version": "v1.0.0",
"exported_at": "2026-11-04T00:07:50.767Z",
"country": {
"name": "Canada",
"iso2": "CA",
"iso3": "CAN",
"region": "North America",
"as_of": "2025-12-30",
"base_currency": "CAD",
"defaults": {
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.2,
"discount_rate": 0.08,
"time_horizon_years": 25
}
},
"resources": [
{
"id": "ca-bitumen",
"name": "Bitumen (Tar Sands)",
"category": "energy",
"type": "oil_sands",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada's oil sands represent the third-largest crude oil reserve globally. Production is capital-intensive with high environmental impact. Reserves are primarily in Alberta's Athabasca region. Government royalties vary by province and production method.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-athabasca-oil-sands",
"name": "Athabasca Oil Sands",
"admin_areas": [
"Alberta"
],
"location": {
"lat": 57,
"lon": -111.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 10,
"unit": "API_gravity",
"notes": "Bitumen with low API gravity, requiring upgrading to synthetic crude."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Extensive pipeline network including Trans Mountain, Keystone XL. Upgrading facilities in Fort McMurray and Edmonton.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Significant greenhouse gas emissions and land disturbance. Regulatory scrutiny increasing with climate policies."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 165000000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "CER 2025 proved reserves. Includes both mined and in-situ recoverable reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Canada Energy Regulator Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "Canada Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Alberta Energy Regulator Statistical Report",
"publisher": "Alberta Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 75,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 9900000000000,
"state_value": 2475000000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.22,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 14025000000000,
"state_value": 3085500000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "pessimistic",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.28,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 6187500000000,
"state_value": 1732500000000
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "probable",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.7,
"notes": "Additional probable reserves with lower recovery confidence.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "CER Reserves Assessment",
"publisher": "Canada Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 75,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 2625000000000,
"state_value": 656250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-crude-oil",
"name": "Crude Oil",
"category": "energy",
"type": "conventional_oil",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Conventional oil reserves in Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Production declining but still significant. Lower environmental impact than oil sands.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-western-canada-sedimentary-basin-oil",
"name": "Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (Conventional Oil)",
"admin_areas": [
"Alberta",
"Saskatchewan",
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 55,
"lon": -115
},
"grade": {
"value": 35,
"unit": "API_gravity",
"notes": "Light sweet crude oil."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Connected to major pipelines and export terminals.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Lower environmental impact than oil sands but still subject to climate regulations."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 4500000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.95,
"notes": "CER proved conventional oil reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "CER Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "Canada Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 75,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 337500000000,
"state_value": 84375000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-natural-gas",
"name": "Natural Gas",
"category": "energy",
"type": "natural_gas",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Abundant natural gas reserves, primarily in British Columbia and Alberta. Key for domestic energy and LNG exports.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-montney-formation",
"name": "Montney Formation",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia",
"Alberta"
],
"location": {
"lat": 56,
"lon": -120
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major LNG export facilities planned and under construction.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Methane emissions and water usage concerns in hydraulic fracturing."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 15000,
"unit": "bcf",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "CER proved natural gas reserves in Montney formation. 15 trillion cubic feet.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "CER Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "Canada Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 3500000,
"unit": "USD/bcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 52500000000,
"state_value": 7875000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-potash",
"name": "Potash",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "potash",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada holds the world's largest potash reserves. Critical for fertilizer production. Saskatchewan is the primary producer.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-saskatchewan-potash",
"name": "Saskatchewan Potash Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Saskatchewan"
],
"location": {
"lat": 51,
"lon": -106
},
"grade": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "K2O_percent",
"notes": "High-grade potash ore."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Rail and port infrastructure for global exports.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Mining operations have environmental impacts but are well-regulated."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.95,
"notes": "NRCan potash reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Natural Resources Canada Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 350,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 3500000000000,
"state_value": 350000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-uranium",
"name": "Uranium",
"category": "energy",
"type": "uranium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada has world's highest-grade uranium deposits. Saskatchewan's Athabasca Basin contains Cigar Lake and McArthur River - among the richest uranium deposits globally. Canada was #2 global producer until mine suspensions.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-athabasca-basin-uranium",
"name": "Athabasca Basin Uranium Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Saskatchewan"
],
"location": {
"lat": 58,
"lon": -105
},
"grade": {
"value": 15,
"unit": "%U3O8",
"notes": "World's highest-grade uranium. Cigar Lake averages 15% U3O8 vs. global average <1%."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Cameco operations. Cigar Lake, McArthur River (suspended), Key Lake mill.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Strict nuclear regulatory oversight. Indigenous consultation requirements."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 500000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "Cameco and Orano operations. Canada holds ~10% of global uranium reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Uranium Resources Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "World Nuclear Association Country Profile",
"publisher": "World Nuclear Association",
"year": 2024,
"type": "industry_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 220000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.95,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 110000000000,
"state_value": 16500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-nickel",
"name": "Nickel",
"category": "metal",
"type": "nickel",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada is a major nickel producer. Sudbury Basin is one of the world's largest nickel deposits. Critical for EV batteries and stainless steel.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-sudbury-basin-nickel",
"name": "Sudbury Basin",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario"
],
"location": {
"lat": 46.5,
"lon": -81
},
"grade": {
"value": 1.2,
"unit": "%Ni",
"notes": "Sulfide deposits with nickel, copper, platinum group metals."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Vale and Glencore operations. Integrated mining, smelting, refining.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 3000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Sudbury and Thompson (Manitoba) combined reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Canadian Mineral Production",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 16000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 48000000000,
"state_value": 7200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-copper",
"name": "Copper",
"category": "metal",
"type": "copper",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada is a significant copper producer. Major deposits in British Columbia and Ontario. Critical for electrification and renewable energy.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-bc-copper-deposits",
"name": "British Columbia Copper Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 50.5,
"lon": -121
},
"grade": {
"value": 0.4,
"unit": "%Cu",
"notes": "Porphyry copper deposits. Highland Valley, Mount Polley, Gibraltar."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Open-pit mining. Rail and port access for export.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Mount Polley tailings dam failure (2014) increased scrutiny."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Canada holds ~3% of global copper reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Mineral Production Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.12,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 85000000000,
"state_value": 10200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-gold",
"name": "Gold",
"category": "metal",
"type": "gold",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada is a top 5 global gold producer. Major deposits in Ontario (Red Lake, Kirkland Lake), Quebec (Abitibi), and Nunavut.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-gold-deposits",
"name": "Canadian Gold Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"British Columbia",
"Nunavut"
],
"location": {
"lat": 48,
"lon": -80
},
"grade": {
"value": 5,
"unit": "g/t",
"notes": "High-grade underground and open-pit operations."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major producers: Barrick, Agnico Eagle, Kinross, Newmont.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 2000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Canada produces ~180 tonnes gold annually. Reserves support 10+ years production.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Gold Production Statistics",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 64000000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 128000000000,
"state_value": 12800000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-iron-ore",
"name": "Iron Ore",
"category": "metal",
"type": "iron_ore",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Labrador Trough contains massive iron ore deposits spanning Quebec and Newfoundland & Labrador. IOC, ArcelorMittal, and Tacora operations.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-labrador-trough-iron",
"name": "Labrador Trough Iron Ore",
"admin_areas": [
"Quebec",
"Newfoundland and Labrador"
],
"location": {
"lat": 54,
"lon": -66
},
"grade": {
"value": 60,
"unit": "%Fe",
"notes": "High-grade hematite and magnetite deposits."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Rail to Sept-Îles port. Pelletizing facilities.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 6000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "One of world's largest iron ore producing regions.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Iron Ore Resources",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.12,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 480000000000,
"state_value": 57600000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-coal",
"name": "Coal",
"category": "energy",
"type": "coal",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada has significant metallurgical and thermal coal reserves, primarily in Alberta and British Columbia. Metallurgical coal for steel production is the main export.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-western-canada-coal",
"name": "Western Canada Coal Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Alberta",
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 53,
"lon": -117
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Rail to west coast ports. Major exporter of metallurgical coal.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Increasing climate policy pressure. New thermal coal mine restrictions."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 6600000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Primarily metallurgical coal. Thermal coal phase-out underway.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Coal Resources Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 150,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 990000000000,
"state_value": 99000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-diamonds",
"name": "Diamonds",
"category": "gemstone",
"type": "diamond",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada is world's #3 diamond producer by value. Northwest Territories hosts Ekati, Diavik, and Gahcho Kué mines. High-quality gem diamonds.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-nwt-diamond-mines",
"name": "Northwest Territories Diamond Mines",
"admin_areas": [
"Northwest Territories"
],
"location": {
"lat": 64.5,
"lon": -110
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Remote fly-in operations. Ice roads for heavy equipment.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Climate change affecting ice road season."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000,
"unit": "carat",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "High-value gem-quality diamonds. Some mines approaching end of life.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Diamond Industry Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 150,
"unit": "USD/carat",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 7500000000,
"state_value": 1125000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-zinc",
"name": "Zinc",
"category": "metal",
"type": "zinc",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada is a major zinc producer. Key deposits in Manitoba (Flin Flon), Ontario, and British Columbia.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-zinc-deposits",
"name": "Canadian Zinc Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Manitoba",
"Ontario",
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 54.8,
"lon": -102
},
"grade": {
"value": 5,
"unit": "%Zn",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 5000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Zinc Production Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 2500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 12500000000,
"state_value": 1250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-cobalt",
"name": "Cobalt",
"category": "metal",
"type": "cobalt",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada produces cobalt primarily as byproduct of nickel mining in Sudbury. Critical for EV batteries. Potential for primary cobalt development in Ontario.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-ontario-cobalt",
"name": "Ontario Cobalt Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario"
],
"location": {
"lat": 47.4,
"lon": -79.7
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Byproduct of nickel-copper mining. Historic Cobalt, Ontario mining district.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 25000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.7,
"notes": "Primarily byproduct. Growing interest in primary cobalt development.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 30000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 750000000,
"state_value": 112500000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-lithium",
"name": "Lithium",
"category": "metal",
"type": "lithium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Emerging lithium sector in Quebec and Ontario. James Bay region has significant spodumene deposits. Critical for EV batteries.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-quebec-lithium",
"name": "Quebec Lithium Projects",
"admin_areas": [
"Quebec",
"Ontario"
],
"location": {
"lat": 52,
"lon": -77
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Patriot Battery Metals, Sayona Mining, Critical Elements projects. Infrastructure development needed.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Indigenous consultation requirements. Remote location logistics."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 5000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.6,
"notes": "LCE (Lithium Carbonate Equivalent). Major projects advancing toward production.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Strategy",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 56250000000,
"state_value": 8437500000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-timber",
"name": "Timber/Forestry",
"category": "forestry",
"type": "timber",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada has 347 million hectares of forest (9% of world's forests). Major lumber, pulp, and paper producer. Sustainable forestry practices.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-forests",
"name": "Canadian Managed Forests",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia",
"Quebec",
"Ontario",
"Alberta"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Integrated sawmills, pulp mills, paper mills. Major export to US.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Softwood lumber dispute with US. Mountain pine beetle impact in BC."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 47000000000,
"unit": "cubic_metre",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Sustainable annual allowable cut. 347M ha forest, 226M ha managed.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "State of Canada's Forests",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-freshwater",
"name": "Freshwater Resources",
"category": "water",
"type": "freshwater",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada holds 20% of world's freshwater and 7% of renewable freshwater. Great Lakes (shared with US) and numerous lakes and rivers.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-freshwater",
"name": "Canadian Freshwater Systems",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"Manitoba",
"Saskatchewan",
"Alberta",
"British Columbia"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Hydroelectric generation. Municipal water supply. Industrial use.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Water export restrictions. Climate change affecting water cycles."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 2900,
"unit": "km3",
"basis": "renewable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Annual renewable freshwater. Strategic resource with export restrictions.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Water Resources Report",
"publisher": "Environment and Climate Change Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-lead",
"name": "Lead",
"category": "metal",
"type": "lead",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Lead typically produced alongside zinc. Major deposits in Manitoba, Ontario, and British Columbia.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-lead-deposits",
"name": "Canadian Lead-Zinc Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Manitoba",
"Ontario",
"British Columbia",
"Nunavut"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 2000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Lead-Zinc Production Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 2000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 4000000000,
"state_value": 400000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-silver",
"name": "Silver",
"category": "metal",
"type": "silver",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada is a top 10 silver producer globally. Silver primarily produced as byproduct of lead-zinc and copper mining.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-silver",
"name": "Canadian Silver Production",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia",
"Ontario",
"Yukon",
"Nunavut"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 15000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "Primarily byproduct. Canada produces ~300 tonnes silver annually.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Silver Production Statistics",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 800000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 12000000000,
"state_value": 1200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-molybdenum",
"name": "Molybdenum",
"category": "metal",
"type": "molybdenum",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada is a significant molybdenum producer. Major deposits in British Columbia. Critical for steel alloys and catalysts.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-bc-molybdenum",
"name": "BC Molybdenum Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 55,
"lon": -127
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Endako mine and others. Often byproduct of copper mining.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 500000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Molybdenum Resources",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 40000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.12,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 20000000000,
"state_value": 2400000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-graphite",
"name": "Graphite",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "graphite",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Emerging graphite sector in Quebec. Critical for EV batteries (anodes). Nouveau Monde Graphite and other projects advancing.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-quebec-graphite",
"name": "Quebec Graphite Projects",
"admin_areas": [
"Quebec",
"Ontario"
],
"location": {
"lat": 48,
"lon": -75
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Nouveau Monde, Northern Graphite projects. Processing facilities under development.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.6,
"notes": "Graphite ore. Multiple projects in development stage.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Strategy",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 1000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.12,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 35000000000,
"state_value": 4200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-rare-earth-elements",
"name": "Rare Earth Elements",
"category": "metal",
"type": "rare_earth",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Emerging REE sector. Vital Metals in NWT, Search Minerals in Labrador, and other projects. Critical for clean energy transition.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-ree",
"name": "Canadian REE Projects",
"admin_areas": [
"Northwest Territories",
"Quebec",
"Newfoundland and Labrador"
],
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Nechalacho (NWT) in production. Multiple exploration projects.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Processing challenges. Supply chain development needed."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 100000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.55,
"notes": "REE content. Multiple projects at various stages.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.6,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 3000000000,
"state_value": 450000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-salt",
"name": "Salt (Rock Salt)",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "salt",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Major salt deposits in Ontario (Windsor area), Alberta, and Saskatchewan. Road salt and industrial uses.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-salt",
"name": "Canadian Salt Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Alberta",
"Saskatchewan",
"Nova Scotia"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 1,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Industrial Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.05,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 450000000000,
"state_value": 22500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-gypsum",
"name": "Gypsum",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "gypsum",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Major gypsum deposits in Nova Scotia and Ontario. Used for drywall, cement, and agriculture.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-gypsum",
"name": "Canadian Gypsum Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Nova Scotia",
"Ontario",
"British Columbia"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 1,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 500000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Industrial Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.05,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 6750000000,
"state_value": 337500000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-limestone",
"name": "Limestone",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "limestone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Abundant limestone across Canada. Used for cement, aggregate, and industrial applications.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-limestone",
"name": "Canadian Limestone Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"British Columbia",
"Alberta"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Aggregate and Cement Resources",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 10,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.05,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 425000000000,
"state_value": 21250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-sand-gravel",
"name": "Sand & Gravel",
"category": "construction_material",
"type": "aggregate",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Essential construction materials. Deposits across Canada, particularly in glacial deposits.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-aggregates",
"name": "Canadian Aggregate Resources",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"British Columbia",
"Alberta",
"Saskatchewan",
"Manitoba"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 100000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Aggregate Resources Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.95,
"government_take": 0.05,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 760000000000,
"state_value": 38000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-fisheries",
"name": "Fisheries",
"category": "fisheries",
"type": "marine_freshwater",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Major Atlantic and Pacific fisheries. Lobster, crab, shrimp, salmon, and other species. World's 5th longest coastline.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-fisheries",
"name": "Canadian Commercial Fisheries",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia",
"Nova Scotia",
"New Brunswick",
"Newfoundland and Labrador",
"Prince Edward Island"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major fishing ports on both coasts. Processing facilities.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Quota systems. Climate change affecting fish stocks."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 900000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "annual_catch"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Annual commercial catch. Worth ~$8B annually. Employs ~70,000 people.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Fisheries Statistics",
"publisher": "Fisheries and Oceans Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-arable-land",
"name": "Arable Land",
"category": "agriculture",
"type": "farmland",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canadian Prairies are among world's major grain-producing regions. 64 million hectares farmland. Major exporter of wheat, canola, barley.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-prairies",
"name": "Canadian Agricultural Land",
"admin_areas": [
"Saskatchewan",
"Alberta",
"Manitoba",
"Ontario",
"Quebec"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Extensive grain handling and rail network. Major export terminals.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Climate variability. Water availability in some regions."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 64000000,
"unit": "hectare",
"basis": "total_farmland"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.95,
"notes": "64 million hectares total farmland. 36 million hectares cropland. Major grain exporter.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Agricultural Census",
"publisher": "Statistics Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
}
]
}