🇨🇦CAN
Canada
North America
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Export Data
Export Canada's resource data as JSON
Export Summary
Country
Canada
Resources
27
Schema Version
v1.0.0
Exported
12/28/2025
JSON Preview
{
"schema_version": "v1.0.0",
"exported_at": "2025-12-28T20:47:12.298Z",
"country": {
"name": "Canada",
"iso2": "CA",
"iso3": "CAN",
"region": "North America",
"as_of": "2025-12-28",
"base_currency": "CAD",
"defaults": {
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.2,
"discount_rate": 0.08,
"time_horizon_years": 25
}
},
"resources": [
{
"id": "ca-bitumen",
"name": "Bitumen (Tar Sands)",
"category": "energy",
"type": "oil_sands",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada's oil sands represent the third-largest crude oil reserve globally. Production is capital-intensive with high environmental impact. Reserves are primarily in Alberta's Athabasca region. Government royalties vary by province and production method.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-athabasca-oil-sands",
"name": "Athabasca Oil Sands",
"admin_areas": [
"Alberta"
],
"location": {
"lat": 57,
"lon": -111.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 10,
"unit": "API_gravity",
"notes": "Bitumen with low API gravity, requiring upgrading to synthetic crude."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Extensive pipeline network including Trans Mountain, Keystone XL. Upgrading facilities in Fort McMurray and Edmonton.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Significant greenhouse gas emissions and land disturbance. Regulatory scrutiny increasing with climate policies."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 165000000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "CER 2025 proved reserves. Includes both mined and in-situ recoverable reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Canada Energy Regulator Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "Canada Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Alberta Energy Regulator Statistical Report",
"publisher": "Alberta Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 75,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 9900000000000,
"state_value": 2475000000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.22,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 14025000000000,
"state_value": 3085500000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "pessimistic",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.28,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 6187500000000,
"state_value": 1732500000000
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "probable",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.7,
"notes": "Additional probable reserves with lower recovery confidence.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "CER Reserves Assessment",
"publisher": "Canada Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 75,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 2625000000000,
"state_value": 656250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-crude-oil",
"name": "Crude Oil",
"category": "energy",
"type": "conventional_oil",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Conventional oil reserves in Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Production declining but still significant. Lower environmental impact than oil sands.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-western-canada-sedimentary-basin-oil",
"name": "Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (Conventional Oil)",
"admin_areas": [
"Alberta",
"Saskatchewan",
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 55,
"lon": -115
},
"grade": {
"value": 35,
"unit": "API_gravity",
"notes": "Light sweet crude oil."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Connected to major pipelines and export terminals.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Lower environmental impact than oil sands but still subject to climate regulations."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 4500000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.95,
"notes": "CER proved conventional oil reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "CER Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "Canada Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 75,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 337500000000,
"state_value": 84375000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-natural-gas",
"name": "Natural Gas",
"category": "energy",
"type": "natural_gas",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Abundant natural gas reserves, primarily in British Columbia and Alberta. Key for domestic energy and LNG exports.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-montney-formation",
"name": "Montney Formation",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia",
"Alberta"
],
"location": {
"lat": 56,
"lon": -120
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major LNG export facilities planned and under construction.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Methane emissions and water usage concerns in hydraulic fracturing."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 15000,
"unit": "bcf",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "CER proved natural gas reserves in Montney formation. 15 trillion cubic feet.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "CER Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "Canada Energy Regulator",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 3500000,
"unit": "USD/bcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 52500000000,
"state_value": 7875000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-potash",
"name": "Potash",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "potash",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada holds the world's largest potash reserves. Critical for fertilizer production. Saskatchewan is the primary producer.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-saskatchewan-potash",
"name": "Saskatchewan Potash Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Saskatchewan"
],
"location": {
"lat": 51,
"lon": -106
},
"grade": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "K2O_percent",
"notes": "High-grade potash ore."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Rail and port infrastructure for global exports.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Mining operations have environmental impacts but are well-regulated."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.95,
"notes": "NRCan potash reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Natural Resources Canada Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 350,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 3500000000000,
"state_value": 350000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-uranium",
"name": "Uranium",
"category": "energy",
"type": "uranium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada has world's highest-grade uranium deposits. Saskatchewan's Athabasca Basin contains Cigar Lake and McArthur River - among the richest uranium deposits globally. Canada was #2 global producer until mine suspensions.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-athabasca-basin-uranium",
"name": "Athabasca Basin Uranium Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Saskatchewan"
],
"location": {
"lat": 58,
"lon": -105
},
"grade": {
"value": 15,
"unit": "%U3O8",
"notes": "World's highest-grade uranium. Cigar Lake averages 15% U3O8 vs. global average <1%."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Cameco operations. Cigar Lake, McArthur River (suspended), Key Lake mill.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Strict nuclear regulatory oversight. Indigenous consultation requirements."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 500000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "Cameco and Orano operations. Canada holds ~10% of global uranium reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Uranium Resources Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "World Nuclear Association Country Profile",
"publisher": "World Nuclear Association",
"year": 2024,
"type": "industry_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 220000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.95,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 110000000000,
"state_value": 16500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-nickel",
"name": "Nickel",
"category": "metal",
"type": "nickel",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada is a major nickel producer. Sudbury Basin is one of the world's largest nickel deposits. Critical for EV batteries and stainless steel.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-sudbury-basin-nickel",
"name": "Sudbury Basin",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario"
],
"location": {
"lat": 46.5,
"lon": -81
},
"grade": {
"value": 1.2,
"unit": "%Ni",
"notes": "Sulfide deposits with nickel, copper, platinum group metals."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Vale and Glencore operations. Integrated mining, smelting, refining.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 3000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Sudbury and Thompson (Manitoba) combined reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Canadian Mineral Production",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 16000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 48000000000,
"state_value": 7200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-copper",
"name": "Copper",
"category": "metal",
"type": "copper",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada is a significant copper producer. Major deposits in British Columbia and Ontario. Critical for electrification and renewable energy.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-bc-copper-deposits",
"name": "British Columbia Copper Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 50.5,
"lon": -121
},
"grade": {
"value": 0.4,
"unit": "%Cu",
"notes": "Porphyry copper deposits. Highland Valley, Mount Polley, Gibraltar."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Open-pit mining. Rail and port access for export.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Mount Polley tailings dam failure (2014) increased scrutiny."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Canada holds ~3% of global copper reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Mineral Production Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.12,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 85000000000,
"state_value": 10200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-gold",
"name": "Gold",
"category": "metal",
"type": "gold",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada is a top 5 global gold producer. Major deposits in Ontario (Red Lake, Kirkland Lake), Quebec (Abitibi), and Nunavut.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-gold-deposits",
"name": "Canadian Gold Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"British Columbia",
"Nunavut"
],
"location": {
"lat": 48,
"lon": -80
},
"grade": {
"value": 5,
"unit": "g/t",
"notes": "High-grade underground and open-pit operations."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major producers: Barrick, Agnico Eagle, Kinross, Newmont.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 2000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Canada produces ~180 tonnes gold annually. Reserves support 10+ years production.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Gold Production Statistics",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 64000000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 128000000000,
"state_value": 12800000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-iron-ore",
"name": "Iron Ore",
"category": "metal",
"type": "iron_ore",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Labrador Trough contains massive iron ore deposits spanning Quebec and Newfoundland & Labrador. IOC, ArcelorMittal, and Tacora operations.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-labrador-trough-iron",
"name": "Labrador Trough Iron Ore",
"admin_areas": [
"Quebec",
"Newfoundland and Labrador"
],
"location": {
"lat": 54,
"lon": -66
},
"grade": {
"value": 60,
"unit": "%Fe",
"notes": "High-grade hematite and magnetite deposits."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Rail to Sept-ÃŽles port. Pelletizing facilities.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 6000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "One of world's largest iron ore producing regions.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Iron Ore Resources",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.12,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 480000000000,
"state_value": 57600000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-coal",
"name": "Coal",
"category": "energy",
"type": "coal",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada has significant metallurgical and thermal coal reserves, primarily in Alberta and British Columbia. Metallurgical coal for steel production is the main export.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-western-canada-coal",
"name": "Western Canada Coal Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Alberta",
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 53,
"lon": -117
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Rail to west coast ports. Major exporter of metallurgical coal.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Increasing climate policy pressure. New thermal coal mine restrictions."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 6600000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Primarily metallurgical coal. Thermal coal phase-out underway.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Coal Resources Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 150,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 990000000000,
"state_value": 99000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-diamonds",
"name": "Diamonds",
"category": "gemstone",
"type": "diamond",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada is world's #3 diamond producer by value. Northwest Territories hosts Ekati, Diavik, and Gahcho Kué mines. High-quality gem diamonds.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-nwt-diamond-mines",
"name": "Northwest Territories Diamond Mines",
"admin_areas": [
"Northwest Territories"
],
"location": {
"lat": 64.5,
"lon": -110
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Remote fly-in operations. Ice roads for heavy equipment.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Climate change affecting ice road season."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000,
"unit": "carat",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "High-value gem-quality diamonds. Some mines approaching end of life.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Diamond Industry Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 150,
"unit": "USD/carat",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 7500000000,
"state_value": 1125000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-zinc",
"name": "Zinc",
"category": "metal",
"type": "zinc",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada is a major zinc producer. Key deposits in Manitoba (Flin Flon), Ontario, and British Columbia.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-zinc-deposits",
"name": "Canadian Zinc Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Manitoba",
"Ontario",
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 54.8,
"lon": -102
},
"grade": {
"value": 5,
"unit": "%Zn",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 5000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Zinc Production Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 2500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 12500000000,
"state_value": 1250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-cobalt",
"name": "Cobalt",
"category": "metal",
"type": "cobalt",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada produces cobalt primarily as byproduct of nickel mining in Sudbury. Critical for EV batteries. Potential for primary cobalt development in Ontario.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-ontario-cobalt",
"name": "Ontario Cobalt Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario"
],
"location": {
"lat": 47.4,
"lon": -79.7
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Byproduct of nickel-copper mining. Historic Cobalt, Ontario mining district.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 25000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.7,
"notes": "Primarily byproduct. Growing interest in primary cobalt development.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 30000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 750000000,
"state_value": 112500000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-lithium",
"name": "Lithium",
"category": "metal",
"type": "lithium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Emerging lithium sector in Quebec and Ontario. James Bay region has significant spodumene deposits. Critical for EV batteries.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-quebec-lithium",
"name": "Quebec Lithium Projects",
"admin_areas": [
"Quebec",
"Ontario"
],
"location": {
"lat": 52,
"lon": -77
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Patriot Battery Metals, Sayona Mining, Critical Elements projects. Infrastructure development needed.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Indigenous consultation requirements. Remote location logistics."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 5000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.6,
"notes": "LCE (Lithium Carbonate Equivalent). Major projects advancing toward production.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Strategy",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 56250000000,
"state_value": 8437500000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-timber",
"name": "Timber/Forestry",
"category": "forestry",
"type": "timber",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada has 347 million hectares of forest (9% of world's forests). Major lumber, pulp, and paper producer. Sustainable forestry practices.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-forests",
"name": "Canadian Managed Forests",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia",
"Quebec",
"Ontario",
"Alberta"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Integrated sawmills, pulp mills, paper mills. Major export to US.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Softwood lumber dispute with US. Mountain pine beetle impact in BC."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 47000000000,
"unit": "cubic_metre",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Sustainable annual allowable cut. 347M ha forest, 226M ha managed.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "State of Canada's Forests",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-freshwater",
"name": "Freshwater Resources",
"category": "water",
"type": "freshwater",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada holds 20% of world's freshwater and 7% of renewable freshwater. Great Lakes (shared with US) and numerous lakes and rivers.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-freshwater",
"name": "Canadian Freshwater Systems",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"Manitoba",
"Saskatchewan",
"Alberta",
"British Columbia"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Hydroelectric generation. Municipal water supply. Industrial use.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Water export restrictions. Climate change affecting water cycles."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 2900,
"unit": "km3",
"basis": "renewable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Annual renewable freshwater. Strategic resource with export restrictions.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Water Resources Report",
"publisher": "Environment and Climate Change Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-lead",
"name": "Lead",
"category": "metal",
"type": "lead",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Lead typically produced alongside zinc. Major deposits in Manitoba, Ontario, and British Columbia.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-lead-deposits",
"name": "Canadian Lead-Zinc Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Manitoba",
"Ontario",
"British Columbia",
"Nunavut"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 2000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Lead-Zinc Production Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 2000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 4000000000,
"state_value": 400000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-silver",
"name": "Silver",
"category": "metal",
"type": "silver",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Canada is a top 10 silver producer globally. Silver primarily produced as byproduct of lead-zinc and copper mining.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-silver",
"name": "Canadian Silver Production",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia",
"Ontario",
"Yukon",
"Nunavut"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 15000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "Primarily byproduct. Canada produces ~300 tonnes silver annually.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Silver Production Statistics",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 800000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.1,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 12000000000,
"state_value": 1200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-molybdenum",
"name": "Molybdenum",
"category": "metal",
"type": "molybdenum",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canada is a significant molybdenum producer. Major deposits in British Columbia. Critical for steel alloys and catalysts.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-bc-molybdenum",
"name": "BC Molybdenum Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 55,
"lon": -127
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Endako mine and others. Often byproduct of copper mining.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 500000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Molybdenum Resources",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 40000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.12,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 20000000000,
"state_value": 2400000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-graphite",
"name": "Graphite",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "graphite",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Emerging graphite sector in Quebec. Critical for EV batteries (anodes). Nouveau Monde Graphite and other projects advancing.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-quebec-graphite",
"name": "Quebec Graphite Projects",
"admin_areas": [
"Quebec",
"Ontario"
],
"location": {
"lat": 48,
"lon": -75
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Nouveau Monde, Northern Graphite projects. Processing facilities under development.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.6,
"notes": "Graphite ore. Multiple projects in development stage.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Strategy",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 1000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.12,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 35000000000,
"state_value": 4200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-rare-earth-elements",
"name": "Rare Earth Elements",
"category": "metal",
"type": "rare_earth",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Emerging REE sector. Vital Metals in NWT, Search Minerals in Labrador, and other projects. Critical for clean energy transition.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-ree",
"name": "Canadian REE Projects",
"admin_areas": [
"Northwest Territories",
"Quebec",
"Newfoundland and Labrador"
],
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Nechalacho (NWT) in production. Multiple exploration projects.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Processing challenges. Supply chain development needed."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 100000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.55,
"notes": "REE content. Multiple projects at various stages.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.6,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 3000000000,
"state_value": 450000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-salt",
"name": "Salt (Rock Salt)",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "salt",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Major salt deposits in Ontario (Windsor area), Alberta, and Saskatchewan. Road salt and industrial uses.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-salt",
"name": "Canadian Salt Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Alberta",
"Saskatchewan",
"Nova Scotia"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 1,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Industrial Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.05,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 450000000000,
"state_value": 22500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-gypsum",
"name": "Gypsum",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "gypsum",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Major gypsum deposits in Nova Scotia and Ontario. Used for drywall, cement, and agriculture.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-gypsum",
"name": "Canadian Gypsum Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Nova Scotia",
"Ontario",
"British Columbia"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 1,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 500000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Industrial Minerals Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.05,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 6750000000,
"state_value": 337500000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-limestone",
"name": "Limestone",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "limestone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Abundant limestone across Canada. Used for cement, aggregate, and industrial applications.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-limestone",
"name": "Canadian Limestone Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"British Columbia",
"Alberta"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Aggregate and Cement Resources",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 10,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.05,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 425000000000,
"state_value": 21250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-sand-gravel",
"name": "Sand & Gravel",
"category": "construction_material",
"type": "aggregate",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Essential construction materials. Deposits across Canada, particularly in glacial deposits.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-aggregates",
"name": "Canadian Aggregate Resources",
"admin_areas": [
"Ontario",
"Quebec",
"British Columbia",
"Alberta",
"Saskatchewan",
"Manitoba"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 100000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Aggregate Resources Report",
"publisher": "Natural Resources Canada",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.95,
"government_take": 0.05,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 760000000000,
"state_value": 38000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-fisheries",
"name": "Fisheries",
"category": "fisheries",
"type": "marine_freshwater",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Major Atlantic and Pacific fisheries. Lobster, crab, shrimp, salmon, and other species. World's 5th longest coastline.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-fisheries",
"name": "Canadian Commercial Fisheries",
"admin_areas": [
"British Columbia",
"Nova Scotia",
"New Brunswick",
"Newfoundland and Labrador",
"Prince Edward Island"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major fishing ports on both coasts. Processing facilities.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Quota systems. Climate change affecting fish stocks."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 900000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "annual_catch"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Annual commercial catch. Worth ~$8B annually. Employs ~70,000 people.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Fisheries Statistics",
"publisher": "Fisheries and Oceans Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ca-arable-land",
"name": "Arable Land",
"category": "agriculture",
"type": "farmland",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Canadian Prairies are among world's major grain-producing regions. 64 million hectares farmland. Major exporter of wheat, canola, barley.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ca-canadian-prairies",
"name": "Canadian Agricultural Land",
"admin_areas": [
"Saskatchewan",
"Alberta",
"Manitoba",
"Ontario",
"Quebec"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Extensive grain handling and rail network. Major export terminals.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Climate variability. Water availability in some regions."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 64000000,
"unit": "hectare",
"basis": "total_farmland"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.95,
"notes": "64 million hectares total farmland. 36 million hectares cropland. Major grain exporter.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Agricultural Census",
"publisher": "Statistics Canada",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
}
]
}