🇨🇳CHN
China
East Asia
Resource estimates and comparisons are evidence layers. For Nigeria, the primary experience is what the resources mean for people, communities, work, and accountability.
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East Asia
Resource estimates and comparisons are evidence layers. For Nigeria, the primary experience is what the resources mean for people, communities, work, and accountability.
Loading country data…
Export China's resource data as JSON
Country
China
Resources
12
Schema Version
v1.0.0
Exported
11/4/2026
{
"schema_version": "v1.0.0",
"exported_at": "2026-11-04T00:08:01.016Z",
"country": {
"name": "China",
"iso2": "CN",
"iso3": "CHN",
"region": "East Asia",
"as_of": "2025-12-30",
"base_currency": "CNY",
"defaults": {
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.35,
"discount_rate": 0.08,
"time_horizon_years": 20
}
},
"resources": [
{
"id": "cn-rare-earth-elements",
"name": "Rare Earth Elements",
"category": "metal",
"type": "rare_earth",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "China dominates global REE production (~60%) and processing (~90%). Bayan Obo largest deposit. Strategic resource with export controls.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-bayan-obo-ree",
"name": "Bayan Obo REE-Iron Deposit",
"admin_areas": [
"Inner Mongolia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 41.8,
"lon": 109.9
},
"grade": {
"value": 6,
"unit": "%REO",
"notes": "World's largest REE deposit. Iron ore byproduct."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "China Northern Rare Earth. Integrated mining and processing.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Environmental damage. Export quotas used strategically."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 44000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "REO content. China has ~35% of global REE reserves but dominates production.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "China Mineral Resources",
"publisher": "Ministry of Natural Resources",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 2200000000000,
"state_value": 660000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-coal",
"name": "Coal",
"category": "energy",
"type": "coal",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest coal producer and consumer. ~60% of electricity from coal. Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi major provinces.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-shanxi-coal",
"name": "North China Coal Belt",
"admin_areas": [
"Shanxi",
"Inner Mongolia",
"Shaanxi",
"Xinjiang"
],
"location": {
"lat": 38,
"lon": 112
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Extensive rail network. State-owned mining companies. Integrated power plants.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 5,
"notes": "Major pollution source. Mine safety issues. Transition pressure."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 150000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "China has 4th largest coal reserves. Produces ~4.5Bt annually.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "China Coal Resources",
"publisher": "China Geological Survey",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 80,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.35,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 12000000000000,
"state_value": 4200000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-iron-ore",
"name": "Iron Ore",
"category": "metal",
"type": "iron_ore",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest steel producer but iron ore quality low. Heavy import dependence from Australia, Brazil.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-china-iron",
"name": "Chinese Iron Ore Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Liaoning",
"Hebei",
"Sichuan",
"Inner Mongolia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 41,
"lon": 123
},
"grade": {
"value": 30,
"unit": "%Fe",
"notes": "Low grade domestic ore. Imported ore ~62% Fe."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Anshan, Benxi steelworks. Heavy import infrastructure.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Low grade makes domestic ore uncompetitive. Import dependence ~80%."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 20000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Large reserves but low grade. Most domestic ore <30% Fe.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Iron Ore Resources",
"publisher": "China Geological Survey",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1400000000000,
"state_value": 420000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-lithium",
"name": "Lithium",
"category": "metal",
"type": "lithium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "China dominates lithium processing. Domestic deposits in Qinghai, Tibet salt lakes. Spodumene in Sichuan.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-qinghai-lithium",
"name": "Qinghai-Tibet Salt Lake Lithium",
"admin_areas": [
"Qinghai",
"Tibet",
"Sichuan"
],
"location": {
"lat": 36.5,
"lon": 95
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Salt lake brine extraction. Processing facilities. CATL supply chain.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 5100000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "LCE. China has 6% of reserves but ~60% of processing capacity.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Lithium Resources",
"publisher": "China Geological Survey",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 76500000000,
"state_value": 19125000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-tungsten",
"name": "Tungsten",
"category": "metal",
"type": "tungsten",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "China has 60% of global tungsten reserves and 80% of production. Jiangxi Province dominant. Export quotas.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-jiangxi-tungsten",
"name": "Jiangxi Tungsten Belt",
"admin_areas": [
"Jiangxi",
"Hunan",
"Guangdong"
],
"location": {
"lat": 25.5,
"lon": 114.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 0.5,
"unit": "%WO3",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "China Minmetals, Xiamen Tungsten operations. Integrated processing.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 1900000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "WO3 content. China dominates global tungsten supply.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Tungsten Resources",
"publisher": "China Geological Survey",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 250000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 475000000000,
"state_value": 142500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-graphite",
"name": "Graphite",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "graphite",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "China dominates graphite production (~65% global). Heilongjiang, Shandong major provinces. Critical for batteries.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-china-graphite",
"name": "Chinese Graphite Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Heilongjiang",
"Shandong",
"Inner Mongolia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 46,
"lon": 127
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Flake and amorphous graphite. Battery anode material production.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 73000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "China has ~25% of global graphite reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Graphite Resources",
"publisher": "China Geological Survey",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 1000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 73000000000,
"state_value": 18250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-natural-gas",
"name": "Natural Gas",
"category": "energy",
"type": "natural_gas",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Growing gas consumption. Sichuan Basin conventional. Significant shale gas potential. LNG imports increasing.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-sichuan-gas",
"name": "Sichuan Basin Gas",
"admin_areas": [
"Sichuan",
"Xinjiang",
"Ordos Basin"
],
"location": {
"lat": 30.5,
"lon": 104
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "West-East Pipeline. LNG terminals. Shale gas development.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 300000,
"unit": "bcf",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Conventional and unconventional gas. ~40% import dependent.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Natural Gas Resources",
"publisher": "Ministry of Natural Resources",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8000000,
"unit": "USD/bcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.35,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 2400000000000,
"state_value": 840000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-crude-oil",
"name": "Crude Oil",
"category": "energy",
"type": "conventional_oil",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest oil importer. Domestic production declining. Daqing, Shengli mature fields. ~70% import dependent.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-china-oil",
"name": "Chinese Oil Fields",
"admin_areas": [
"Heilongjiang",
"Shandong",
"Xinjiang",
"Offshore"
],
"location": {
"lat": 46.5,
"lon": 125
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Daqing, Shengli mature fields. Offshore development. Strategic reserves.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Declining domestic production. Heavy import dependence on Middle East, Russia."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 26000000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Production ~4M bpd vs ~14M bpd consumption.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Petroleum Resources",
"publisher": "Ministry of Natural Resources",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 80,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.4,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 2080000000000,
"state_value": 832000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-copper",
"name": "Copper",
"category": "metal",
"type": "copper",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest copper consumer. Limited domestic reserves. Heavy import dependence. Jiangxi, Tibet deposits.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-china-copper",
"name": "Chinese Copper Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Jiangxi",
"Tibet",
"Yunnan",
"Inner Mongolia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 28.5,
"lon": 115.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 0.5,
"unit": "%Cu",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Low grade. ~75% import dependent for copper concentrate."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 26000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "China has ~3% of global copper reserves but ~50% of consumption.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Copper Resources",
"publisher": "China Geological Survey",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 221000000000,
"state_value": 55250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-gold",
"name": "Gold",
"category": "metal",
"type": "gold",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "World's largest gold producer. Shandong, Henan, Fujian major provinces. China Gold, Zijin major companies.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-china-gold",
"name": "Chinese Gold Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Shandong",
"Henan",
"Fujian",
"Inner Mongolia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 37,
"lon": 120
},
"grade": {
"value": 3,
"unit": "g/t",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 3000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "China produces ~380 tonnes gold annually, largest globally.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Gold Resources",
"publisher": "China Gold Association",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 64000000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 192000000000,
"state_value": 48000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-arable-land",
"name": "Arable Land",
"category": "agriculture",
"type": "farmland",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "3rd largest arable area. Rice, wheat, corn major crops. Feeds 1.4B people. \"Red line\" policy protects farmland.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-china-farmland",
"name": "Chinese Agricultural Land",
"admin_areas": [
"Heilongjiang",
"Henan",
"Shandong",
"Sichuan",
"Jiangsu"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Soil degradation. Urbanization pressure. Water scarcity. Food security priority."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 135000000,
"unit": "hectare",
"basis": "total_farmland"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "135M ha arable land. \"Red line\" policy minimum 120M ha. ~95% food self-sufficiency.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Agricultural Resources",
"publisher": "Ministry of Agriculture",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "cn-freshwater",
"name": "Freshwater Resources",
"category": "water",
"type": "freshwater",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "6% of global freshwater but 20% of population. Severe north-south imbalance. South-North Water Transfer mega-project.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "cn-china-freshwater",
"name": "Chinese Freshwater Systems",
"admin_areas": [
"Yangtze Basin",
"Yellow River Basin",
"Pearl River Basin"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Severe water stress in north. Pollution. Groundwater depletion. Climate variability."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 2840,
"unit": "km3",
"basis": "renewable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Annual renewable freshwater. Per capita very low. Major infrastructure investment.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Water Resources Report",
"publisher": "Ministry of Water Resources",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
}
]
}