Export Data
Export Nigeria's resource data as JSON
Export Summary
Country
Nigeria
Resources
42
Schema Version
v1.0.0
Exported
2/28/2026
JSON Preview
{
"schema_version": "v1.0.0",
"exported_at": "2026-02-28T09:39:47.625Z",
"country": {
"name": "Nigeria",
"iso2": "NG",
"iso3": "NGA",
"region": "West Africa",
"as_of": "2025-12-30",
"base_currency": "USD",
"defaults": {
"recovery_factor": 0.35,
"government_take": 0.5,
"discount_rate": 0.1,
"time_horizon_years": 20
}
},
"resources": [
{
"id": "ng-crude-oil",
"name": "Crude Oil",
"category": "energy",
"type": "crude_oil",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "DISPUTED: Nigeria claims 37.28B bbl but independent audits suggest ~30B bbl due to depletion. Oil theft losses (400,000 bpd) not reflected in official figures. \"Proved\" reserves include politically-motivated upward revisions. Reserves Life Index assumes current production, but Nigeria rarely meets OPEC quota.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-niger-delta-basin-oil",
"name": "Niger Delta Basin (Onshore & Shallow Offshore)",
"admin_areas": [
"Delta",
"Bayelsa",
"Rivers",
"Akwa Ibom",
"Edo",
"Ondo",
"Imo",
"Abia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 5,
"lon": 6
},
"grade": {
"value": 32,
"unit": "API_gravity",
"notes": "Light sweet crude (Bonny Light ~32-36 API). Low sulfur content."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major export terminals: Bonny (NLNG), Forcados, Escravos, Brass, Qua Iboe. Extensive pipeline network but aging infrastructure.",
"risk": {
"security": 4,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "CRITICAL: Pipeline vandalism and oil theft lose ~400,000 bpd ($8B/year). Niger Delta militancy ongoing. Environmental remediation costs disputed ($30B+ by some estimates)."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 31440000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "NUPRC official figures Jan 2025. DISPUTED: Some analysts argue actual is 25-28B bbl after accounting for unreported depletion.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Oil and Gas Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC)",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2025",
"publisher": "Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries",
"year": 2025,
"type": "industry_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 61,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.65,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1917840000000,
"state_value": 1246596000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 80,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.65,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 2515200000000,
"state_value": 1634880000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.65,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1572000000000,
"state_value": 1021800000000
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 25000000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2024-06-30",
"confidence": 0.5,
"notes": "CONFLICTING ESTIMATE: Independent analysis suggests lower actual reserves. Rystad Energy 2024 assessment. Accounts for unreported production and theft losses since 2010.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Africa Oil & Gas Outlook 2024",
"publisher": "Rystad Energy",
"year": 2024,
"type": "industry_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 61,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.65,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1525000000000,
"state_value": 991250000000
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-deep-offshore-oil",
"name": "Deep Offshore Fields",
"admin_areas": [
"Offshore Atlantic"
],
"location": {
"lat": 4,
"lon": 5.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 34,
"unit": "API_gravity",
"notes": "High quality light crude. Major fields: Bonga, Agbami, Akpo, Egina, Erha."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "FPSO-based production. Less vulnerable to onshore security issues.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 5840000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Condensates from deep offshore and associated gas fields.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Hydrocarbon Reserves Assessment 2025",
"publisher": "NUPRC",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 65,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 379600000000,
"state_value": 208780000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 85,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 496400000000,
"state_value": 273020000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 292000000000,
"state_value": 160600000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-natural-gas",
"name": "Natural Gas",
"category": "energy",
"type": "natural_gas",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "CONTROVERSIAL: Despite 210+ TCF reserves (largest in Africa), Nigeria still flares ~$2B worth annually. \"Decade of Gas\" (2020-2030) initiative largely stalled. Gas-to-power promises repeatedly missed. NLNG Train 7 delayed 5+ years. Domestic gas pricing disputes discourage investment.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-niger-delta-gas-associated",
"name": "Niger Delta Associated Gas",
"admin_areas": [
"Delta",
"Bayelsa",
"Rivers",
"Akwa Ibom",
"Ondo"
],
"location": {
"lat": 5,
"lon": 6.5
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Nigeria LNG (NLNG) Bonny Island - 6 trains. Train 7 expansion underway. West African Gas Pipeline to Ghana/Benin/Togo.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Gas flaring reduction targets. Decade of Gas initiative 2020-2030."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 102.59,
"unit": "tcf",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Associated gas from oil fields. NUPRC official figures.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Gas Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "NUPRC",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Nigeria Gas Master Plan Update",
"publisher": "Ministry of Petroleum Resources",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 350000000,
"unit": "USD/tcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 35906500000,
"state_value": 19748575000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 450000000,
"unit": "USD/tcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 46165500000,
"state_value": 25391025000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 250000000,
"unit": "USD/tcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 25647500000,
"state_value": 14106125000
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-niger-delta-gas-non-associated",
"name": "Niger Delta Non-Associated Gas",
"admin_areas": [
"Delta",
"Bayelsa",
"Rivers",
"Akwa Ibom"
],
"location": {
"lat": 5.2,
"lon": 6.3
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Dedicated gas fields. Key for domestic gas-to-power initiatives.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 107.95,
"unit": "tcf",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Non-associated gas reserves. Combined with associated = 210.54 TCF total.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Gas Reserves Report 2025",
"publisher": "NUPRC",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 350000000,
"unit": "USD/tcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 37782500000,
"state_value": 20780375000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 450000000,
"unit": "USD/tcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 48577500000,
"state_value": 26717625000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 250000000,
"unit": "USD/tcf",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 1,
"government_take": 0.55,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 26987500000,
"state_value": 14843125000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-coal",
"name": "Coal",
"category": "energy",
"type": "coal",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "First discovered 1909 at Udi Ridge, Enugu. Peak production 905,000 tonnes (1958-59). Proved: 639 million tonnes. Inferred: 2.75 billion tonnes across 17 fields. Currently underutilized.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-anambra-basin-coal",
"name": "Anambra Basin (Enugu Coal District)",
"admin_areas": [
"Enugu",
"Anambra",
"Kogi",
"Benue"
],
"location": {
"lat": 6.45,
"lon": 7.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 5500,
"unit": "kcal/kg",
"notes": "Sub-bituminous to bituminous. Good coking properties in some seams."
},
"dev_status": "suspended",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Existing mines: Okpara, Onyeama (underground). Legacy rail needs rehabilitation. 36 drill holes in Enugu district.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "COP26 commitments. 2030 development deadline discussions."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 639000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-06-30",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "Proved reserves. Enugu field alone: ~350 million tonnes.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Solid Minerals Development Report",
"publisher": "Ministry of Mines and Steel Development",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Nigerian Coal Corporation Assessment",
"publisher": "Bureau of Public Enterprise",
"year": 2022,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 109,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.5,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 34825500000,
"state_value": 10447650000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 140,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.5,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 44730000000,
"state_value": 13419000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 80,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.5,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 25560000000,
"state_value": 7668000000
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 2750000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-06-30",
"confidence": 0.45,
"notes": "Inferred reserves across 17 coal fields. Requires exploration drilling.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Coal Deposits in Nigeria - A Review",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2023,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 109,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.4,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 119900000000,
"state_value": 35970000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-iron-ore",
"name": "Iron Ore",
"category": "metal",
"type": "iron_ore",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "FAILED AMBITION: Ajaokuta Steel Complex ($8B invested, never operational, 42+ years). Itakpe mine operates at fraction of capacity. \"3 billion tonnes\" claim includes low-grade deposits. Imports still dominate Nigerian steel market. Political interference and corruption allegations surround sector.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-itakpe-iron-ore",
"name": "Itakpe Iron Ore Complex",
"admin_areas": [
"Kogi"
],
"location": {
"lat": 7.65,
"lon": 6.35
},
"grade": {
"value": 36,
"unit": "%Fe",
"notes": "Beneficiation upgrades to 67%+ Fe. Highest grade in Nigeria."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Connected to Ajaokuta Steel by 35km rail. NIOMCO operates. Capacity: 2.15 MTPA concentrate.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 200000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-06-30",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "Detailed investigation by Techno-Export (USSR) confirmed reserves at 36% Fe.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Itakpe Mining Feasibility Update",
"publisher": "National Iron Ore Mining Company",
"year": 2024,
"type": "company_filing"
},
{
"title": "Iron Ore Deposits in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 107,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.6,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 12840000000,
"state_value": 3210000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 130,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.6,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 15600000000,
"state_value": 3900000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 85,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.6,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 10200000000,
"state_value": 2550000000
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-ajabanoko-iron-ore",
"name": "Ajabanoko Iron Ore Deposit",
"admin_areas": [
"Kogi"
],
"location": {
"lat": 7.6,
"lon": 6.3
},
"grade": {
"value": 36.4,
"unit": "%Fe",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": null,
"regulatory": null,
"environmental": null,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 36150000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-12-31",
"confidence": 0.65,
"notes": "C1 (indicated) category reserves near Itakpe.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Lokoja-Okene Iron Ore Assessment",
"publisher": "NGSA",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 107,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.55,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 2127427500,
"state_value": 531856875
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 25950000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-12-31",
"confidence": 0.45,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Lokoja-Okene Iron Ore Assessment",
"publisher": "NGSA",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 107,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.5,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1388325000,
"state_value": 347081250
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-bitumen",
"name": "Bitumen (Tar Sands)",
"category": "energy",
"type": "bitumen",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "UNVERIFIED: Claims of \"second largest after Canada\" (38-42B bbl) lack independent verification. NO COMMERCIAL EXTRACTION in 120+ years despite discovery in 1900s. Community opposition, environmental concerns, and economic viability questions persist. Multiple failed development attempts. May never be commercially viable at current oil prices.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-ondo-ogun-bitumen-belt",
"name": "Ondo-Ogun Bitumen Belt",
"admin_areas": [
"Ondo",
"Ogun",
"Lagos",
"Edo"
],
"location": {
"lat": 6.5,
"lon": 4.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 12,
"unit": "%saturation",
"notes": "Porosity ~30%, oil saturation ~12%. Lower clay than Athabasca (Canada)."
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Requires SAGD, mining, or in-situ extraction investment. No commercial production.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Environmental concerns. Community engagement required."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 42000000000,
"unit": "bbl",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2022-12-31",
"confidence": 0.4,
"notes": "38-42 billion barrels bitumen/heavy oil. Nigeria ranks 6th globally.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Bitumen Exploration Report",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2022,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Textural Characteristics of Nigerian Tar Sands",
"publisher": "Sedimentary Geology Journal",
"year": 2020,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 35,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.15,
"government_take": 0.45,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 220500000000,
"state_value": 99225000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.2,
"government_take": 0.45,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 420000000000,
"state_value": 189000000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 25,
"unit": "USD/bbl",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.12,
"government_take": 0.45,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 126000000000,
"state_value": 56700000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-gold",
"name": "Gold",
"category": "metal",
"type": "gold",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "CONTESTED FIGURES: \"21.37 tonnes reserves\" widely cited but unverified by independent audit. Only ONE industrial mine (Segilola) operating. SECURITY CRISIS: Zamfara (largest producing state) effectively controlled by bandits - no formal surveys possible. Artisanal gold smuggled out unmeasured. Actual national production unknown.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-ilesha-gold-belt",
"name": "Ilesha Gold Belt (Segilola Mine)",
"admin_areas": [
"Osun"
],
"location": {
"lat": 7.6,
"lon": 4.7
},
"grade": {
"value": 4.2,
"unit": "g/t",
"notes": "High-grade orogenic gold. Open pit mining."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Thor Exploration Segilola Mine - Nigeria's first industrial gold mine. 85,057 oz produced 2024.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 350000,
"unit": "oz_troy",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Segilola mine reserves. Ilesha belt estimated >$5 billion gold value.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Segilola Gold Mine Annual Report 2024",
"publisher": "Thor Exploration",
"year": 2024,
"type": "company_filing"
},
{
"title": "Nigeria Gold Reserves Assessment",
"publisher": "Central Bank of Nigeria",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 4550,
"unit": "USD/oz_troy",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.92,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1592500000,
"state_value": 477750000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 5000,
"unit": "USD/oz_troy",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.92,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1750000000,
"state_value": 525000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 4000,
"unit": "USD/oz_troy",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.92,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1400000000,
"state_value": 420000000
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-zamfara-gold-fields",
"name": "Zamfara Gold Fields",
"admin_areas": [
"Zamfara",
"Kebbi",
"Niger",
"Kaduna"
],
"location": {
"lat": 12,
"lon": 6
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "NO FORMAL MINING POSSIBLE. Controlled by armed groups. Artisanal extraction by local militias.",
"risk": {
"security": 5,
"regulatory": 4,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "SECURITY CRISIS: Region under bandit control since 2018. Government has no access for surveys. 2010 lead poisoning killed 400+ children. Mercury contamination widespread."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 400000,
"unit": "oz_troy",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-06-30",
"confidence": 0.35,
"notes": "HIGHLY UNCERTAIN: \"Largest gold producing state\" claim impossible to verify. Last formal survey was 2012. All current production is illegal artisanal mining, unreported and unmeasured.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Gold Rush Report",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 4550,
"unit": "USD/oz_troy",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.6,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1092000000,
"state_value": 327600000
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 2000000,
"unit": "oz_troy",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-06-30",
"confidence": 0.15,
"notes": "SPECULATIVE: Some industry analysts believe Zamfara could hold 2M+ oz based on artisanal output patterns. Completely unverified. Included to illustrate uncertainty range.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Informal Mining Sector Analysis",
"publisher": "World Bank Africa Region",
"year": 2023,
"type": "industry_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 4550,
"unit": "USD/oz_troy",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.4,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 3640000000,
"state_value": 1092000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-tin",
"name": "Tin (Cassiterite)",
"category": "metal",
"type": "tin",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Once major global producer (1940s-60s). Reserves: 300,000+ tonnes. Jos Plateau historical center. Current production ~9,200 tonnes/year. Additional deposits under basalt.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-jos-plateau-tin",
"name": "Jos Plateau Tin Fields",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Bauchi",
"Nasarawa",
"Kaduna"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9.9,
"lon": 8.9
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Colonial-era mining legacy. Mix of artisanal and small-scale. Substantial cassiterite under basalts.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Environmental degradation from historical mining. Land reclamation needed."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 300000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-12-31",
"confidence": 0.55,
"notes": "Minimum 300,000 tonnes. Additional unknown quantities under basalt.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Tin Mineralisation in Nigeria: A Review",
"publisher": "IIETA",
"year": 2023,
"type": "academic"
},
{
"title": "USGS Mineral Yearbook - Nigeria 2019",
"publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
"year": 2020,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 28000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.65,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 5460000000,
"state_value": 1365000000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 35000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.65,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 6825000000,
"state_value": 1706250000
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 22000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.65,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 4290000000,
"state_value": 1072500000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-lead-zinc",
"name": "Lead-Zinc",
"category": "metal",
"type": "lead_zinc",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Estimated 10 million tonnes across 8 states. Major deposits in Benue Trough and Cross River. Used in batteries, galvanizing, alloys.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-benue-trough-lead-zinc",
"name": "Benue Trough Lead-Zinc Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Ebonyi",
"Benue",
"Cross River",
"Nasarawa",
"Taraba",
"Plateau"
],
"location": {
"lat": 6.5,
"lon": 8
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Veins in Cretaceous sediments. Artisanal mining dominant. Limited processing.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Lead poisoning incidents (Zamfara 2010). Need safer practices."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 5000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-06-30",
"confidence": 0.6,
"notes": "Proven reserves in three east-central prospects.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Lead-Zinc Mineralization in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian High Commission Ottawa",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Geology of the Benue Trough",
"publisher": "NGSA",
"year": 2022,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 2500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.55,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 6875000000,
"state_value": 1718750000
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 5000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-06-30",
"confidence": 0.4,
"notes": "Additional inferred across 8 states.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Solid Minerals Overview",
"publisher": "Ministry of Solid Minerals Development",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 2500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.45,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 5625000000,
"state_value": 1406250000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-limestone",
"name": "Limestone",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "limestone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Resource base ~2.3 trillion tonnes, 568 million proved. Major cement raw material. Nigeria self-sufficient in cement (48+ MTPA capacity). Dangote, BUA, Lafarge operations.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-obajana-limestone",
"name": "Obajana Limestone Deposit",
"admin_areas": [
"Kogi"
],
"location": {
"lat": 7.9,
"lon": 6.4
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Dangote Cement flagship. 647 million tonnes, ~45 years supply.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 647000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-06-30",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Dangote Cement Nigeria Operations",
"publisher": "Dangote Cement Plc",
"year": 2024,
"type": "company_filing"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 8249250000,
"state_value": 1237387500
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-ibese-limestone",
"name": "Ibese Limestone Deposit",
"admin_areas": [
"Ogun"
],
"location": {
"lat": 7,
"lon": 3
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Dangote Cement. 1.15 billion tonnes, ~78 years supply.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 1,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 1150000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-06-30",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Dangote Cement Nigeria Operations",
"publisher": "Dangote Cement Plc",
"year": 2024,
"type": "company_filing"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 14662500000,
"state_value": 2199375000
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-sokoto-limestone",
"name": "Sokoto Limestone Basin",
"admin_areas": [
"Sokoto"
],
"location": {
"lat": 13,
"lon": 5.2
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "BUA Cement operations. Over 101 million tonnes.",
"risk": {
"security": null,
"regulatory": null,
"environmental": null,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 101600000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-12-31",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Limestone Resources of Sokoto Basin",
"publisher": "Ministry of Solid Minerals Development",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 15,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1295400000,
"state_value": 194310000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-barite",
"name": "Barite",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "barite",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "~22 million tonnes across 8 states. Critical for oil drilling mud. Cross River alone: ~11 million tonnes. High quality meeting API standards (89-96% BaSO4).",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-cross-river-barite",
"name": "Cross River Barite Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Cross River",
"Benue",
"Taraba",
"Nasarawa",
"Bauchi"
],
"location": {
"lat": 6,
"lon": 8.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 89,
"unit": "%BaSO4",
"notes": "High quality, API standard (89-96% BaSO4). SG ~4.3."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Cross River ~50% of reserves. First discovered Ogoja 1951.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 22298843,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2022-12-31",
"confidence": 0.7,
"notes": "NGSA survey 2005-2009. Cross River: 11M, Benue: 308K, Nasarawa: 730K tonnes.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Barite as an Industrial Mineral in Nigeria",
"publisher": "PMC/Springer",
"year": 2021,
"type": "academic"
},
{
"title": "Nigeria Barite Resources Assessment",
"publisher": "NGSA",
"year": 2020,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 150,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.2,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 2508619837.5,
"state_value": 501723967.5
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 200,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.2,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 3344826450,
"state_value": 668965290
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.2,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1672413225,
"state_value": 334482645
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-kaolin",
"name": "Kaolin (China Clay)",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "kaolin",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "2-3 billion tonnes total, 800 million proved/probable. 40+ deposits identified. Used in ceramics, paper, paint, pharmaceuticals. Katsina deposit best for pharma.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-kaolin-deposits",
"name": "Major Kaolin Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Katsina",
"Plateau",
"Bauchi",
"Ogun",
"Ondo",
"Niger",
"Oyo",
"Kwara",
"Benue",
"Enugu",
"Ekiti"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Demand: 360K tonnes/year. Local production: 125K tonnes (gap: 235K). Katsina best for pharma.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "probable",
"quantity": {
"value": 800000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-06-30",
"confidence": 0.6,
"notes": "800 million tonnes proved/probable of 2-3 billion total.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Material Development Potential of Nigeria's Kaolin",
"publisher": "Chemistry Africa/Springer",
"year": 2023,
"type": "academic"
},
{
"title": "Kaolin Resources in Nigeria",
"publisher": "RMRDC",
"year": 2022,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 120,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 76800000000,
"state_value": 11520000000
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 2200000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-06-30",
"confidence": 0.35,
"notes": null,
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Kaolin Market Analysis",
"publisher": "Financial Nigeria",
"year": 2023,
"type": "industry_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 120,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 184800000000,
"state_value": 27720000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-columbite-tantalite",
"name": "Columbite-Tantalite (Coltan)",
"category": "metal",
"type": "columbite_tantalite",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Tantalite: ~25 tonnes. Columbite: ~3,000 tonnes. Critical for electronics. Nigeria 7th globally in tantalite. Production ~1,300 tonnes/year. $400M processing plant planned (Nasarawa).",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-jos-plateau-coltan",
"name": "Jos Plateau Coltan Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Nasarawa",
"Kogi",
"Gombe",
"Kaduna",
"FCT"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9.5,
"lon": 8.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "%Ta2O5",
"notes": "High-grade >50% Ta2O5 in some pegmatites."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Alluvial and pegmatite deposits. $400M processing plant planned Nasarawa.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Conflict mineral concerns. Traceability requirements."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 3000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-12-31",
"confidence": 0.55,
"notes": "Columbite reserves. Tantalite estimated at 25 tonnes.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Rare Earth Minerals in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Mineral Exchange",
"year": 2024,
"type": "industry_report"
},
{
"title": "USGS Mineral Yearbook - Nigeria",
"publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 45000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 94500000,
"state_value": 23625000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-uranium",
"name": "Uranium",
"category": "energy",
"type": "uranium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "CLASSIFIED/UNQUANTIFIED: Uranium exploration started 1973. Deposits found in 7 states but NOT commercially mined. ~200 tonnes U estimated (2001 survey). NNRA regulates. No active mines. Draft mining regulations under review. Grade 0.63-0.9% U at 130-200m depth. Sandstone-hosted and vein-type mineralization. SECURITY SENSITIVE: Locations partially classified.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-benue-trough-uranium",
"name": "Benue Trough Uranium Belt",
"admin_areas": [
"Adamawa",
"Taraba",
"Benue",
"Cross River"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9,
"lon": 12
},
"grade": {
"value": 0.75,
"unit": "%U",
"notes": "Grade ranges 0.63-0.9% U. Sandstone-hosted in Bima sandstone. Depth 130-200m."
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "No mining infrastructure. NNRA licensing required. Exploration by Kulfana Mining, Ecophoenix, Lunar K, Western Goldfields.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 4,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Nuclear non-proliferation protocols. NNRA oversight required. Draft regulations pending Ministry of Justice review. International safeguards apply."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 150,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.35,
"notes": "HIGHLY UNCERTAIN: ~200 tonnes U total estimated (2001). Deposits at Zona, Dali, Gubrunde, Kanawa, Ghumchi, Mika, Monkin-Maza. Limited exploration since 2001. Actual reserves unknown.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Uranium Development in Nigeria",
"publisher": "International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Uranium Potential in Nigeria",
"publisher": "IAEA Nuclear Information System",
"year": 2022,
"type": "academic"
},
{
"title": "Nigerian Uranium Exploration, Mining and Processing Regulations 2021",
"publisher": "Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA)",
"year": 2021,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 80,
"unit": "USD/lb",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.4,
"computed": {
"gross_value": null,
"state_value": null
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "optimistic",
"price": {
"value": 110,
"unit": "USD/lb",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.4,
"computed": {
"gross_value": null,
"state_value": null
}
},
{
"scenario_id": "conservative",
"price": {
"value": 60,
"unit": "USD/lb",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.4,
"computed": {
"gross_value": null,
"state_value": null
}
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-younger-granites-uranium",
"name": "Younger Granites Complex",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Bauchi",
"Kano",
"Kogi"
],
"location": {
"lat": 10,
"lon": 9
},
"grade": {
"value": 0.65,
"unit": "%U",
"notes": "Vein-type mineralization in deformed migmatites and granitoids."
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Associated with tin-bearing granites. No dedicated uranium exploration.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 4,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Same regulatory constraints as Benue Trough. Less explored."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.2,
"notes": "SPECULATIVE: Uranium occurrences reported but not systematically surveyed. Included based on geological favorability. No quantified reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Uranium Ore Deposits in Northeastern Nigeria: Geology and Prospect",
"publisher": "ResearchGate/Academic",
"year": 2020,
"type": "academic"
},
{
"title": "Harnessing Uranium Potentials for Peaceful Application",
"publisher": "Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 80,
"unit": "USD/lb",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.6,
"government_take": 0.4,
"computed": {
"gross_value": null,
"state_value": null
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-lithium",
"name": "Lithium",
"category": "metal",
"type": "lithium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "UNEXPLORED POTENTIAL: Nigeria has pegmatite geology favorable for lithium but NO systematic survey conducted. Global EV demand driving interest. Some artisanal extraction reported in Nasarawa/Plateau but unquantified. Government has not prioritized exploration despite critical mineral status globally.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-lithium-pegmatites",
"name": "Pegmatite Belt (Potential)",
"admin_areas": [
"Nasarawa",
"Plateau",
"Kaduna",
"Niger",
"Kwara"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9.5,
"lon": 8
},
"dev_status": "unknown",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "No formal exploration. Associated with tin-bearing pegmatites.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Artisanal mining may be extracting lithium unknowingly. No regulatory framework specific to lithium."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.15,
"notes": "NO QUANTIFIED RESERVES. Geological potential based on favorable pegmatite settings. Requires systematic exploration. Included to highlight data gap for critical mineral.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals in Africa: Opportunities for Nigeria",
"publisher": "African Development Bank",
"year": 2024,
"type": "industry_report"
},
{
"title": "Pegmatite Mineralogy of the Jos Plateau",
"publisher": "Journal of African Earth Sciences",
"year": 2022,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-rare-earth-elements",
"name": "Rare Earth Elements",
"category": "metal",
"type": "rare_earth",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "CONFIRMED: Nigeria has substantial REE-bearing minerals (monazite, xenotime) containing Neodymium (Nd), Praseodymium (Pr), Dysprosium (Dy), Terbium (Tb), Yttrium (Y), and Scandium (Sc). $400M REE processing plant under development in Nasarawa confirms commercial-scale feedstock. REEs occur together in mineral assemblages - no individual element mines. Critical for EVs, wind turbines, electronics, defense.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-ree-deposits",
"name": "REE-Bearing Mineral Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Nasarawa",
"Kaduna",
"Cross River",
"Kogi",
"Taraba",
"Bauchi",
"Plateau"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9,
"lon": 8.5
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "$400M rare-earth processing plant planned in Nasarawa confirms presence of REE feedstock. Monazite and xenotime deposits across multiple states. Associated with alkaline complexes and pegmatites.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "REE processing is environmentally challenging (radioactive thorium in monazite). Processing plant will require proper waste management."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.4,
"notes": "REE content in monazite/xenotime deposits. Contains Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb, Y, Sc as part of mineral assemblages. $400M processing plant confirms commercial-scale feedstock exists. Elements occur together - typical REE distribution.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 - Rare Earths",
"publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Rare Earth Elements in Nigerian Tin Granites",
"publisher": "Journal of Geochemical Exploration",
"year": 2023,
"type": "academic"
},
{
"title": "Nigeria REE Processing Plant Development",
"publisher": "Ministry of Solid Minerals Development",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.5,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1250000000,
"state_value": 375000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-sapphire",
"name": "Sapphire",
"category": "other",
"type": "gemstone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria (Jos Plateau) is a significant global sapphire producer. Blue, pink, yellow, and fancy sapphires found. Artisanal mining dominates. High-quality stones compete with Madagascar and Sri Lanka origins.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-jos-plateau-sapphire",
"name": "Jos Plateau Sapphires",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Kaduna",
"Bauchi"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9.9,
"lon": 8.9
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Artisanal mining in alluvial deposits. Some small-scale formal operations. Gems exported via Lagos. No formal cutting/polishing industry domestically.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Illegal mining common. Smuggling to avoid export duties. Child labor concerns in artisanal sector."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "carat",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.3,
"notes": "Production not systematically tracked. Estimated tens of thousands of carats annually. High-quality blue sapphires command premium prices ($500-5000/ct for fine stones).",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Gemstones of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Gemological Institute of America (GIA)",
"year": 2022,
"type": "industry_report"
},
{
"title": "Colored Gemstone Mining in Nigeria",
"publisher": "CIBJO World Jewellery Confederation",
"year": 2023,
"type": "industry_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-tourmaline",
"name": "Tourmaline",
"category": "other",
"type": "gemstone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria is one of the world's top tourmaline producers. Famous for cuprian (Paraiba-type) tourmalines discovered in 2001. Colors: green, blue, pink, watermelon. Oyo State (Ibadan area) is primary source.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-tourmaline",
"name": "Nigerian Tourmaline Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Oyo",
"Kwara",
"Nasarawa",
"Plateau"
],
"location": {
"lat": 7.5,
"lon": 4
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Artisanal and small-scale mining. Pegmatite-hosted deposits. Gems exported internationally. Nigeria competes with Brazil, Mozambique.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Informal sector dominates. Export value often underreported."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "carat",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.35,
"notes": "Nigeria is recognized as top-5 global tourmaline producer. Cuprian tourmalines (Paraiba-type) exceptionally valuable ($1000-20000/ct). Production unquantified.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Paraiba-Type Tourmaline from Nigeria",
"publisher": "Gems & Gemology (GIA)",
"year": 2020,
"type": "academic"
},
{
"title": "African Gemstone Production",
"publisher": "International Colored Gemstone Association",
"year": 2024,
"type": "industry_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-topaz",
"name": "Topaz",
"category": "other",
"type": "gemstone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria produces blue and colorless topaz. Found in pegmatite deposits alongside other gemstones. Export quality stones available.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-topaz",
"name": "Nigerian Topaz Occurrences",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Taraba",
"Bauchi"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Artisanal mining from pegmatites. Often found with aquamarine and tourmaline.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Informal sector. Limited data on production volumes."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "carat",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.25,
"notes": "Production not tracked systematically. Nigeria recognized as minor producer globally.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Topaz Occurrences Worldwide",
"publisher": "Mineralogical Society of America",
"year": 2023,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-aquamarine",
"name": "Aquamarine",
"category": "other",
"type": "gemstone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria produces gem-quality aquamarine (blue beryl). Found in pegmatite deposits. Competes with Brazilian and African origins.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-aquamarine",
"name": "Nigerian Aquamarine Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Nasarawa",
"Kaduna",
"Oyo"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Artisanal mining from pegmatites. Often associated with tin-bearing granites.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Informal sector dominates. Quality varies."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "carat",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.3,
"notes": "Nigeria among top African aquamarine producers. Fine stones fetch $100-500/ct.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Beryl Group Minerals in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Journal of African Earth Sciences",
"year": 2022,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-sand-gravel",
"name": "Sand & Gravel",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "construction_aggregate",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has abundant sand and gravel resources. Critical for construction boom. Lagos alone consumes millions of tonnes annually. River sand, beach sand, and quarry aggregates. Environmental concerns from illegal dredging.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-sand-gravel",
"name": "Nigerian Sand & Gravel Resources",
"admin_areas": [
"Lagos",
"Ogun",
"Rivers",
"Niger",
"Kogi",
"Benue",
"Nationwide"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major dredging operations on Lagos Lagoon, Niger River, Benue River. Quarries nationwide. Demand driven by construction sector.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Illegal sand mining prevalent. Coastal erosion from beach sand mining. River dredging affects ecosystems."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 1000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.5,
"notes": "Effectively unlimited. Nigeria consumes ~100M tonnes/year for construction. Resources not systematically quantified but abundant.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Construction Materials in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-clay",
"name": "Clay",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "ceramics",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has extensive clay deposits suitable for bricks, ceramics, pottery, and tiles. Traditional pottery industry uses local clays. Industrial brick production growing.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-clay",
"name": "Nigerian Clay Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Abia",
"Anambra",
"Enugu",
"Imo",
"Edo",
"Ogun",
"Lagos",
"Kano",
"Kaduna"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Multiple brick factories. Traditional pottery widespread. Industrial ceramics production limited. Raw material for cement industry.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Low risk. Artisanal and industrial extraction coexist."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 500000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.45,
"notes": "Abundant clay deposits across Nigeria. Used for bricks, tiles, ceramics. Specific reserves not quantified but extensive.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Industrial Minerals of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-silica",
"name": "Silica Sand",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "glass_grade",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has high-purity silica sand suitable for glass manufacturing. Deposits in several states. Used by glass factories. Growing demand from construction and solar industries.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-silica-sand",
"name": "Nigerian Silica Sand Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Edo",
"Delta",
"Ondo",
"Ogun",
"Lagos",
"Bauchi",
"Borno"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Supplies domestic glass industry. Multiple glass factories in Nigeria (e.g., Beta Glass). High silica content (95%+) deposits available.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Low risk. Industrial demand growing."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 100000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.5,
"notes": "Significant silica sand resources. Supplies domestic glass industry. High-purity deposits suitable for specialty applications.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Silica Resources in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Raw Materials Research and Development Council",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-graphite",
"name": "Graphite",
"category": "metal",
"type": "graphite",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Nigeria has graphite potential in pegmatite and metamorphic belts. Not systematically surveyed. Critical mineral for EV batteries. Some historical production. Requires modern exploration.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-graphite",
"name": "Nigerian Graphite Occurrences",
"admin_areas": [
"Kogi",
"Nasarawa",
"Niger",
"Plateau"
],
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Historical small-scale mining. No modern commercial production. Associated with schist belts and pegmatites.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Exploration stage. Critical mineral status may attract investment."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.2,
"notes": "Graphite occurrences documented but not quantified. Battery-grade graphite increasingly valuable. Exploration needed.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Critical Minerals Potential in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-gypsum",
"name": "Gypsum",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "gypsum",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has significant gypsum deposits used for cement production and construction. Key input for growing cement industry. Deposits in multiple states.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-gypsum",
"name": "Nigerian Gypsum Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Adamawa",
"Gombe",
"Yobe",
"Borno",
"Sokoto",
"Edo"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Supplies cement plants (Dangote, BUA, Lafarge). Domestic consumption. Some imports still needed.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Boko Haram activity in NE affects some deposits."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 1000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.5,
"notes": "Over 1 billion tonnes estimated. Multiple deposits across northern Nigeria.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Industrial Minerals of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-marble",
"name": "Marble",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "dimension_stone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has massive marble reserves (1-5 billion tonnes). Used for tiles, construction, calcium carbonate. Deposits in multiple states. Growing domestic processing.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-marble",
"name": "Nigerian Marble Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Kwara",
"Kogi",
"Oyo",
"Edo",
"Cross River",
"Nasarawa",
"Niger"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Multiple quarries operational. Processed into tiles, blocks. Some export to West Africa. Igbetti (Oyo) famous for quality marble.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Low risk. Established industry."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 2000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.55,
"notes": "Estimates range 1-5 billion tonnes. Nigeria among largest marble resources in Africa.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Marble Resources in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Raw Materials Research and Development Council",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-bentonite",
"name": "Bentonite",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "clay",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has 700+ million tonnes of bentonite. Critical for oil drilling mud. Currently imports most drilling mud despite domestic reserves. Processing capacity limited.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-bentonite",
"name": "Nigerian Bentonite Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Borno",
"Adamawa",
"Taraba",
"Plateau",
"Benue"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Deposits documented but processing limited. Oil industry imports most drilling-grade bentonite. Opportunity for import substitution.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Some deposits in security-challenged NE Nigeria."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 700000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.5,
"notes": "700+ million tonnes documented. Could supply domestic oil industry if properly developed.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Bentonite Deposits of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2022,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-talc",
"name": "Talc",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "talc",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has talc deposits used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, and plastics. Artisanal and small-scale mining.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-talc",
"name": "Nigerian Talc Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Niger",
"Osun",
"Kogi",
"Oyo",
"Kaduna"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Small-scale production. Used domestically in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Low risk. Small-scale operations."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.3,
"notes": "Deposits documented but not systematically quantified.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Industrial Minerals of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-feldspar",
"name": "Feldspar",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "feldspar",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has feldspar in pegmatite deposits. Used in glass and ceramics industries. Often found with gemstones and other pegmatite minerals.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-feldspar",
"name": "Nigerian Feldspar Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Nasarawa",
"Plateau",
"Kaduna",
"Oyo",
"Kwara"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Associated with pegmatite belt. Supplies glass and ceramics industries.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Low risk."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.3,
"notes": "Abundant in pegmatite belt but not quantified.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Pegmatite Minerals of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Journal of African Earth Sciences",
"year": 2022,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-salt",
"name": "Salt (Rock Salt)",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "halite",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has salt deposits and traditional salt production. Brine springs and rock salt. Currently imports significant quantities. Potential for domestic production increase.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-salt",
"name": "Nigerian Salt Resources",
"admin_areas": [
"Ebonyi",
"Benue",
"Cross River",
"Nasarawa",
"Plateau"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Traditional brine evaporation (Awe, Keana). Some rock salt deposits. Nigeria imports most salt requirements.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Low risk. Traditional industry."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.25,
"notes": "Salt springs and rock salt documented. Production ~50,000 tonnes/year vs consumption ~500,000 tonnes/year.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Salt Resources of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2021,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-granite",
"name": "Granite (Dimension Stone)",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "dimension_stone",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has extensive granite resources for building stone and aggregates. The \"Younger Granites\" complex is famous. Major construction material.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-granite",
"name": "Nigerian Granite Resources",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Kaduna",
"Abuja FCT",
"Niger",
"Kano",
"Nationwide"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Numerous quarries nationwide. Building stone and aggregate production. Supplies construction industry.",
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Low risk. Ubiquitous resource."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.6,
"notes": "Effectively unlimited granite resources. Nigeria sits on Precambrian basement complex.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Construction Materials in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-mica",
"name": "Mica",
"category": "industrial_mineral",
"type": "mica",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria has mica deposits in pegmatite belt. Used in electronics, cosmetics, paints. Often found with gemstones.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-mica",
"name": "Nigerian Mica Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Nasarawa",
"Plateau",
"Kaduna",
"Kogi"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Small-scale production from pegmatites. Some export of mica flakes.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Low risk. Associated with pegmatite mining."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.25,
"notes": "Mica documented in pegmatites but not systematically quantified.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Pegmatite Minerals of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Journal of African Earth Sciences",
"year": 2022,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-manganese",
"name": "Manganese",
"category": "metal",
"type": "manganese",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Nigeria has manganese occurrences, though not major. Used in steel production and batteries. Requires further exploration.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-manganese",
"name": "Nigerian Manganese Occurrences",
"admin_areas": [
"Kebbi",
"Katsina",
"Zamfara"
],
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Limited exploration. No commercial production. Potential in schist belts.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Security concerns in NW Nigeria. Artisanal gold mining in some areas."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.2,
"notes": "Manganese occurrences reported but not quantified. Exploration needed.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Metallic Minerals of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-titanium",
"name": "Titanium (Heavy Mineral Sands)",
"category": "metal",
"type": "heavy_mineral",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Nigeria has heavy mineral sands along coast containing ilmenite, rutile (titanium ores), and zircon. Used for titanium dioxide pigment. Requires systematic survey.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-heavy-mineral-sands",
"name": "Coastal Heavy Mineral Sands",
"admin_areas": [
"Lagos",
"Ogun",
"Ondo",
"Delta",
"Bayelsa"
],
"location": {
"lat": 6.4,
"lon": 3.5
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Coastal sand deposits. Contains ilmenite, rutile, zircon. No commercial extraction. Beach erosion concerns.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Coastal mining has environmental concerns. Requires EIA. Sand mining already controversial."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.2,
"notes": "Heavy mineral sands documented but not quantified. Similar deposits in neighboring countries (Sierra Leone, Ghana) are commercial.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Coastal Mineral Resources of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Institute for Oceanography",
"year": 2022,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-silver",
"name": "Silver",
"category": "metal",
"type": "precious_metal",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Silver occurs as byproduct of lead-zinc mining in Nigeria. Not extracted separately. Associated with galena deposits.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-silver",
"name": "Silver (Byproduct of Lead-Zinc)",
"admin_areas": [
"Nasarawa",
"Plateau",
"Taraba",
"Cross River",
"Ebonyi"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Byproduct of lead-zinc extraction. Not separately tracked or refined domestically.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Associated with lead-zinc mining risks. Lead toxicity concerns in artisanal areas."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "oz_troy",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.2,
"notes": "Silver content in galena (lead ore) documented. Not separately quantified or extracted.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Lead-Zinc Deposits of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-other-minerals",
"name": "Other Minerals",
"category": "other",
"type": "mixed_minerals",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "THE UNKNOWN: Nigeria claims \"53+ minerals\" but lacks systematic geological mapping. Government figures often recycled from colonial-era British surveys (1950s-60s). No comprehensive airborne geophysical survey since independence.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-various-mineral-occurrences",
"name": "Various Mineral Occurrences",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Nasarawa",
"Niger",
"Zamfara",
"Osun",
"Oyo",
"Edo",
"Kaduna",
"Kano",
"Taraba"
],
"dev_status": "unknown",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Artisanal dominant for gemstones. Formal mining limited. Further exploration needed.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 4,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Illegal mining, mercury use in artisanal gold processing, security concerns."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 0,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2024-01-01",
"confidence": 0.2,
"notes": "Documented: sapphires (Plateau), tourmaline, aquamarine, topaz, marble (1-5B tonnes), gypsum, bentonite (700M+ tonnes), talc, feldspar, rock salt, uranium traces. Require systematic estimation.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "53+ Minerals Found in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Mineral Exchange",
"year": 2024,
"type": "industry_report"
},
{
"title": "Nigeria Solid Minerals Overview",
"publisher": "Ministry of Solid Minerals Development",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-arable-land",
"name": "Arable Land",
"category": "agriculture_land",
"type": "land",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Nigeria has ~34 million hectares of arable land (FAO), among largest in Africa. Only ~40% actively cultivated. Key crops: cassava, yam, maize, rice, sorghum, millet, cocoa, palm oil. Agricultural sector employs ~35% of workforce, contributes ~24% to GDP.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-arable-land",
"name": "Nigerian Agricultural Zones",
"admin_areas": [
"Nationwide - All 36 States"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Extensive but fragmented. Smallholder farms dominate (80%+). Irrigation covers only 1% of arable land. Storage/processing capacity limited.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Farmer-herder conflicts in Middle Belt. Desertification in north. Land tenure disputes common."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 34000000,
"unit": "hectare",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "FAO data: 34M hectares arable. World Bank: 37.3% of land area is agricultural. Nigeria ranks 14th globally in arable land.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "FAOSTAT Land Use Statistics",
"publisher": "Food and Agriculture Organization",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "World Development Indicators - Agricultural Land",
"publisher": "World Bank",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-freshwater",
"name": "Freshwater Resources",
"category": "water",
"type": "surface_groundwater",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Nigeria has significant water resources: Niger River, Benue River, Lake Chad (shrinking), numerous dams. Total renewable water: 286.2 km³/year (FAO). Groundwater potential underexploited. Water stress increasing due to population growth and climate change.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-freshwater",
"name": "Nigerian Water Resources",
"admin_areas": [
"Nationwide"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major rivers: Niger (4,180 km), Benue (1,400 km). 200+ dams including Kainji, Jebba, Shiroro. Urban water supply: 32% coverage. Rural: 54% (WHO/UNICEF 2023).",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Lake Chad has shrunk 90% since 1960s. Pollution from oil spills in Niger Delta. Transboundary water sharing issues."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 286,
"unit": "cubic_km",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "Total renewable water resources: 286.2 km³/year. Per capita: 1,245 m³/year (water stress threshold is 1,700). Groundwater: 87 km³/year.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "AQUASTAT - Nigeria",
"publisher": "Food and Agriculture Organization",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Water Resources of Nigeria",
"publisher": "Federal Ministry of Water Resources",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-timber",
"name": "Timber/Forestry",
"category": "forestry",
"type": "timber",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria forest cover declined from 18% (1990) to ~7% (2024). Major timber species: mahogany, iroko, obeche, teak plantations. Forestry contributes ~1.5% to GDP. Deforestation rate ~3.7% annually - one of highest globally.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-forestry",
"name": "Nigerian Forest Reserves",
"admin_areas": [
"Cross River",
"Edo",
"Ondo",
"Ogun",
"Oyo",
"Taraba",
"Benue",
"Plateau"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Cross River National Park (4,000 km²). 1,100+ forest reserves (32,000 km² gazetted). Sawmills concentrated in SW. Limited sustainable management.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 5,
"notes": "Illegal logging widespread. Enforcement weak. Critical biodiversity loss. Climate impact from deforestation."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 6500000,
"unit": "hectare",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.6,
"notes": "Forest area: ~6.5M hectares (7% of land, down from 18% in 1990). Annual deforestation: ~400,000 hectares. FAO Global Forest Assessment.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020",
"publisher": "Food and Agriculture Organization",
"year": 2020,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Forest Landscape Integrity Index - Nigeria",
"publisher": "Science/Nature",
"year": 2023,
"type": "academic"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-fisheries",
"name": "Fisheries",
"category": "fisheries",
"type": "marine_freshwater",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Nigeria is largest fish consumer in Africa (~3.2M tonnes/year) but produces only ~1.1M tonnes domestically. 853 km coastline. Artisanal fishing dominates (85%+ of catch). Imports ~$1.2B fish annually. Aquaculture growing rapidly.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-fisheries",
"name": "Nigerian Fisheries",
"admin_areas": [
"Lagos",
"Rivers",
"Bayelsa",
"Delta",
"Akwa Ibom",
"Cross River",
"Ondo",
"Ogun"
],
"location": {
"lat": 6,
"lon": 4
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Major fishing ports: Lagos, Calabar, Port Harcourt. 200 nm EEZ. Inland fisheries: Lake Chad, Niger-Benue, reservoirs. Aquaculture: catfish, tilapia farms.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Overfishing in coastal waters. IUU fishing by foreign vessels. Oil pollution in Niger Delta impacts fisheries. Climate affecting Lake Chad."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 1100000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.7,
"notes": "Annual production: ~1.1M tonnes (marine: 450K, freshwater: 350K, aquaculture: 300K). Import gap: ~2.1M tonnes. Sector employs 5M+ people.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics",
"publisher": "Food and Agriculture Organization",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Nigeria Fisheries Sector",
"publisher": "Federal Department of Fisheries",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-copper",
"name": "Copper",
"category": "metal",
"type": "copper",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Nigeria has significant copper deposits across multiple states. ~10 million tonnes of copper ore identified. Nigeria exported £26.6M raw copper in 2022 (ranked 23rd globally). Critical mineral for energy transition, electronics, and construction. Mining largely artisanal with potential for industrial development.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-copper-deposits",
"name": "Nigerian Copper Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Nasarawa",
"Plateau",
"Zamfara",
"Bauchi",
"Gombe",
"Kano",
"Abia"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9,
"lon": 8
},
"grade": {
"value": 1.5,
"unit": "%Cu",
"notes": "Grade varies significantly by deposit. Some high-grade occurrences in pegmatites."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Artisanal mining dominates. Export primarily as raw ore. Processing infrastructure underdeveloped. Potential for smelting facilities.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Artisanal mining safety concerns. Environmental impact from unregulated extraction. Export of raw ore loses value-add opportunity."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "indicated",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-12-31",
"confidence": 0.55,
"notes": "~10 million tonnes copper ore identified across multiple states. Contains variable copper content (typically 0.5-3% Cu). NGSA surveys ongoing.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Mineral Resources Assessment",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Copper Export Statistics",
"publisher": "Nigerian Export Promotion Council",
"year": 2022,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.015,
"government_take": 0.2,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1275000000,
"state_value": 255000000
}
}
]
},
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 25000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2023-12-31",
"confidence": 0.3,
"notes": "Additional inferred resources in unexplored areas. Full geological survey not complete.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Solid Minerals Development Potential",
"publisher": "Ministry of Solid Minerals Development",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 8500,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.015,
"government_take": 0.2,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 3187500000,
"state_value": 637500000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-aluminum-bauxite",
"name": "Aluminum (Bauxite)",
"category": "metal",
"type": "bauxite",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Nigeria has limited bauxite reserves and is import-dependent for aluminum. Small deposits identified but not commercially significant. Domestic aluminum industry relies heavily on imported alumina. Strategic for industrial development but currently not a major producer.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-bauxite-deposits",
"name": "Nigerian Bauxite Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Adamawa",
"Ekiti",
"Ogun"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9.5,
"lon": 9
},
"grade": {
"value": 35,
"unit": "%Al2O3",
"notes": "Low to medium grade deposits. Quality insufficient for large-scale alumina production."
},
"dev_status": "exploration",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "No active bauxite mining operations. Aluminum smelting (ALSCON) relies on imported alumina. Energy-intensive processing requires reliable power.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Limited commercial viability given global competition. Energy costs make domestic processing uneconomic."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "inferred",
"quantity": {
"value": 25000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "in-place"
},
"as_of": "2020-12-31",
"confidence": 0.3,
"notes": "Limited geological surveys. Deposits identified but not fully characterized. Nigeria imports ~500,000 tonnes aluminum products annually worth ~$1B.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Bauxite Resources in Nigeria",
"publisher": "Nigerian Geological Survey Agency",
"year": 2020,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries",
"publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.35,
"government_take": 0.15,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 437500000,
"state_value": 65625000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "ng-cobalt",
"name": "Cobalt",
"category": "metal",
"type": "cobalt",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "TRACE OCCURRENCE: Nigeria has cobalt occurrences but not major deposits. Ministry of Mines lists cobalt in mineral database but no active operators or significant reserves recorded. Only $134 worth of cobalt ore exported in 2023 - indicates very small-scale or incidental production. Critical mineral for batteries but not commercially significant in Nigeria.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "ng-nigeria-cobalt-occurrences",
"name": "Trace Cobalt Occurrences",
"admin_areas": [
"Plateau",
"Nasarawa",
"Kaduna"
],
"location": {
"lat": 9.5,
"lon": 8
},
"dev_status": "unknown",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": "No active cobalt mining operations. Trace amounts may occur with other mineral deposits. No processing infrastructure.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": "Economically insignificant. Any extraction would be incidental to other mining."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "occurrence_only",
"quantity": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "unknown"
},
"as_of": "2023-12-31",
"confidence": 0.15,
"notes": "TRACE: No quantified reserves. Only $134 cobalt ore exported in 2023. Listed in Ministry database but not commercially significant. Included for completeness of critical minerals inventory.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Nigeria Mineral Database",
"publisher": "Ministry of Mines and Steel Development",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
},
{
"title": "Nigeria Trade Statistics",
"publisher": "National Bureau of Statistics",
"year": 2023,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
}
]
}