🇿🇦ZAF
South Africa
Southern Africa
Resource estimates and comparisons are evidence layers. For Nigeria, the primary experience is what the resources mean for people, communities, work, and accountability.
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Southern Africa
Resource estimates and comparisons are evidence layers. For Nigeria, the primary experience is what the resources mean for people, communities, work, and accountability.
Loading country data…
Export South Africa's resource data as JSON
Country
South Africa
Resources
12
Schema Version
v1.0.0
Exported
11/4/2026
{
"schema_version": "v1.0.0",
"exported_at": "2026-11-04T00:08:01.018Z",
"country": {
"name": "South Africa",
"iso2": "ZA",
"iso3": "ZAF",
"region": "Southern Africa",
"as_of": "2025-12-30",
"base_currency": "ZAR",
"defaults": {
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.3,
"discount_rate": 0.12,
"time_horizon_years": 20
}
},
"resources": [
{
"id": "za-platinum-group-metals",
"name": "Platinum Group Metals",
"category": "metal",
"type": "pgm",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "South Africa has ~70% of global PGM reserves. Bushveld Complex world's largest. Critical for catalytic converters and hydrogen.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-bushveld-pgm",
"name": "Bushveld Complex PGM",
"admin_areas": [
"Limpopo",
"North West",
"Mpumalanga"
],
"location": {
"lat": -24.5,
"lon": 29
},
"grade": {
"value": 4.5,
"unit": "g/t_4E",
"notes": "4E: Pt, Pd, Rh, Au combined grade."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Anglo American Platinum, Impala, Sibanye-Stillwater operations. Deep underground mining.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Labor unrest history. Electricity supply challenges. Deep mining safety. BEE requirements."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 63000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "PGM (4E). South Africa has ~75% of global platinum reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "South Africa Mineral Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 30000000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1890000000000,
"state_value": 567000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-gold",
"name": "Gold",
"category": "metal",
"type": "gold",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Historic gold producer. Witwatersrand Basin world's largest gold deposit. Production declining from ultra-deep mines.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-witwatersrand-gold",
"name": "Witwatersrand Basin",
"admin_areas": [
"Gauteng",
"Free State",
"North West"
],
"location": {
"lat": -26.2,
"lon": 28
},
"grade": {
"value": 5,
"unit": "g/t",
"notes": "Ultra-deep mining (up to 4km). Grade declining."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Harmony, Sibanye-Stillwater, AngloGold Ashanti operations. Ultra-deep mining.",
"risk": {
"security": 3,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Ultra-deep mining risks. Acid mine drainage. Illegal mining (zama zamas). Electricity costs."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 6000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "Once #1, now #10 globally. ~100 tonnes annual production.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Gold Resources Report",
"publisher": "Minerals Council",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 64000000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.75,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 384000000000,
"state_value": 115200000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-coal",
"name": "Coal",
"category": "energy",
"type": "coal",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Major coal producer and exporter. ~80% of electricity from coal. Richards Bay Coal Terminal major export.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-mpumalanga-coal",
"name": "Mpumalanga Coal Fields",
"admin_areas": [
"Mpumalanga",
"Limpopo"
],
"location": {
"lat": -26,
"lon": 29.5
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Eskom power plants. Richards Bay export terminal. Rail network.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 5,
"notes": "Eskom crisis. Just Energy Transition. Air pollution. Climate pressure."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 10000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "South Africa has ~3% of global coal reserves. Produces ~250Mt annually.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Coal Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 1000000000000,
"state_value": 250000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-iron-ore",
"name": "Iron Ore",
"category": "metal",
"type": "iron_ore",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Significant iron ore producer. Sishen and Kolomela mines in Northern Cape. Kumba Iron Ore (Anglo American).",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-northern-cape-iron",
"name": "Northern Cape Iron Ore",
"admin_areas": [
"Northern Cape"
],
"location": {
"lat": -27.5,
"lon": 23
},
"grade": {
"value": 64,
"unit": "%Fe",
"notes": "High-grade hematite ore."
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Sishen, Kolomela mines. Rail to Saldanha port.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 1000000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "Produces ~70Mt annually. Premium high-grade ore.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Iron Ore Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 100,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 100000000000,
"state_value": 25000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-manganese",
"name": "Manganese",
"category": "metal",
"type": "manganese",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest manganese reserves (~80%). Kalahari Manganese Field. Critical for steel.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-kalahari-manganese",
"name": "Kalahari Manganese Field",
"admin_areas": [
"Northern Cape"
],
"location": {
"lat": -27,
"lon": 22.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 38,
"unit": "%Mn",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "South32, Assmang operations. Rail to Port Elizabeth.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 640000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.9,
"notes": "South Africa has ~80% of global manganese reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Manganese Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 300,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 192000000000,
"state_value": 48000000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-chromium",
"name": "Chromite",
"category": "metal",
"type": "chromite",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "World's largest chromite reserves (~70%). Bushveld Complex. Ferrochrome production.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-bushveld-chromite",
"name": "Bushveld Chromite Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Limpopo",
"North West",
"Mpumalanga"
],
"location": {
"lat": -25,
"lon": 29.5
},
"grade": {
"value": 42,
"unit": "%Cr2O3",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Glencore, Samancor operations. Ferrochrome smelters.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Electricity costs major challenge for ferrochrome."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 200000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "South Africa has ~70% of global chromite reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Chromite Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 250,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 50000000000,
"state_value": 12500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-diamonds",
"name": "Diamonds",
"category": "gemstone",
"type": "diamond",
"strategic": false,
"notes": "Historic diamond producer. Cullinan, Venetia major mines. De Beers operations. Production declining.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-sa-diamonds",
"name": "South African Diamond Mines",
"admin_areas": [
"Limpopo",
"Free State",
"Northern Cape"
],
"location": {
"lat": -24.5,
"lon": 28.5
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Venetia (De Beers), Cullinan (Petra Diamonds). Kimberlite and alluvial.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 50000000,
"unit": "carat",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "High value gem diamonds. Cullinan famous for large stones.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Diamond Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 200,
"unit": "USD/carat",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.9,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 10000000000,
"state_value": 2500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-vanadium",
"name": "Vanadium",
"category": "metal",
"type": "vanadium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "South Africa has ~30% of global vanadium reserves. Bushveld Complex. Critical for steel and batteries.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-bushveld-vanadium",
"name": "Bushveld Vanadium Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Limpopo",
"Mpumalanga"
],
"location": {
"lat": -24.8,
"lon": 29.2
},
"grade": {
"value": 1.8,
"unit": "%V2O5",
"notes": null
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Bushveld Minerals, Glencore operations.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 2,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 3500000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "V2O5 content. Growing demand for vanadium redox batteries.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Vanadium Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 30000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.8,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 105000000000,
"state_value": 26250000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-uranium",
"name": "Uranium",
"category": "energy",
"type": "uranium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Uranium byproduct of gold mining. Also Karoo deposits. Koeberg nuclear plant.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-sa-uranium",
"name": "South African Uranium Deposits",
"admin_areas": [
"Free State",
"Northern Cape",
"Karoo"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Byproduct of gold mining. Karoo deposits not developed.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 280000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.7,
"notes": "South Africa has ~5% of global uranium reserves.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Uranium Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 220000,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.7,
"government_take": 0.3,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 61600000000,
"state_value": 18480000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-titanium",
"name": "Titanium (Heavy Mineral Sands)",
"category": "metal",
"type": "titanium",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Major titanium producer. Richards Bay Minerals. Ilmenite and rutile from heavy mineral sands.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-kwazulu-titanium",
"name": "KwaZulu-Natal Heavy Mineral Sands",
"admin_areas": [
"KwaZulu-Natal",
"Eastern Cape"
],
"location": {
"lat": -28.8,
"lon": 32
},
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": "Richards Bay Minerals (Rio Tinto). Tronox operations.",
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": null
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "proved",
"quantity": {
"value": 60000000,
"unit": "tonne",
"basis": "recoverable"
},
"as_of": "2025-01-01",
"confidence": 0.8,
"notes": "TiO2 content. Major ilmenite and rutile producer.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Titanium Resources",
"publisher": "Council for Geoscience",
"year": 2025,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": [
{
"scenario_id": "base",
"price": {
"value": 300,
"unit": "USD/tonne",
"currency": "USD"
},
"recovery_factor": 0.85,
"government_take": 0.25,
"computed": {
"gross_value": 18000000000,
"state_value": 4500000000
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-arable-land",
"name": "Arable Land",
"category": "agriculture",
"type": "farmland",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Commercial farming sector. Maize, wheat, sugar, citrus major crops. Water constraints.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-sa-farmland",
"name": "South African Agricultural Land",
"admin_areas": [
"Free State",
"Mpumalanga",
"KwaZulu-Natal",
"Western Cape"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": true,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 2,
"regulatory": 3,
"environmental": 3,
"notes": "Land reform uncertainty. Water scarcity. Farm security concerns."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 100000000,
"unit": "hectare",
"basis": "total_farmland"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.85,
"notes": "100M ha agricultural land. ~14M ha arable. Significant commercial farming.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Agricultural Statistics",
"publisher": "DAFF",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
},
{
"id": "za-freshwater",
"name": "Freshwater Resources",
"category": "water",
"type": "freshwater",
"strategic": true,
"notes": "Water-stressed country. Orange-Vaal river system. Lesotho Highlands Water Project critical.",
"occurrences": [
{
"id": "za-sa-freshwater",
"name": "South African Freshwater Systems",
"admin_areas": [
"Gauteng",
"Free State",
"KwaZulu-Natal",
"Western Cape"
],
"dev_status": "producing",
"export_ready": false,
"infrastructure_notes": null,
"risk": {
"security": 1,
"regulatory": 2,
"environmental": 4,
"notes": "Water-stressed. Dam levels variable. Infrastructure aging. Cape Town Day Zero crisis 2018."
},
"reserve_estimates": [
{
"quality": "measured",
"quantity": {
"value": 50,
"unit": "km3",
"basis": "renewable"
},
"as_of": "2024-12-31",
"confidence": 0.75,
"notes": "Annual renewable freshwater. Low per capita availability.",
"sources": [
{
"title": "Water Resources Report",
"publisher": "DWS",
"year": 2024,
"type": "gov_report"
}
],
"valuation_scenarios": []
}
]
}
]
}
]
}